White, John. "1585 map of the east coast of North America from the Chesapeake Bay to Cape Lookout." Between 1585 and 1593. Nederlands: Een kaart van het Roanoke-gebied, door John White. Source: A British Museum photograph of the map.
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Unit 2 Vocabulary
Agriculture, often referred to as farming, is a vital industry that plays a significant role in feeding the world's population. It involves the cultivation of plants and the rearing of animals for food, fiber, medicinal plants, and other products used by humans. Farmers employ various techniques to grow crops such as corn, wheat, rice, and vegetables, as well as raise livestock like cattle, pigs, and poultry.
The Fundamental Orders of Connecticut, established in 1639, is considered the first written constitution in North America. This important document provided a framework for self-government in the Connecticut Colony. It was created by a group of settlers led by Thomas Hooker, who believed in the principles of democracy and individual rights. The Fundamental Orders outlined the powers and responsibilities of the government, including the election of officials and the establishment of a representative assembly. This document served as a model for future state constitutions and had a significant influence on the development of democratic principles in the United States.
The House of Burgesses was a significant development in colonial America. Established in 1619, it was the first representative government and colonial legislature in the colonies. Located in Jamestown, Virginia, the House of Burgesses consisted of elected representatives known as burgesses who were chosen by the colonists themselves. This assembly played a crucial role in shaping the future of self-governance in America. The House of Burgesses held regular meetings to discuss and pass laws that affected the colony.
Joint ventures are a type of business partnership where two or more companies come together to collaborate on a specific project or venture. One notable example of a joint venture is the Virginia Company, which was formed in 1606. The Virginia Company was established with the goal of establishing settlements in the New World, specifically in the region that would later become the state of Virginia in the United States. The company was backed by investors who hoped to profit from the resources and trade opportunities in the New World. Through the joint efforts of the Virginia Company, a settlement named Jamestown was established in 1607, becoming the first permanent English settlement in North America. The Virginia Company serves as a historical example of how joint ventures can bring together resources, expertise, and financial backing to achieve common goals.
The Magna Carta, a historic document dating back to 1215, holds a significant place in the development of democratic principles. It was a groundbreaking agreement between King John of England and his barons, aimed at addressing grievances and limiting the power of the monarchy. The Magna Carta established fundamental rights and liberties, such as due process of law, protection against unlawful imprisonment, and the concept of trial by jury. This influential document served as a catalyst for future constitutional law and became a cornerstone of democracy worldwide. It symbolizes the triumph of the rule of law over absolute monarchy, emphasizing the importance of individual rights and freedoms that we continue to cherish today.
The Mayflower Compact is a significant historical document that played a pivotal role in the establishment of self-government in America. It was signed on November 11, 1620, by the Pilgrims onboard the Mayflower ship. This compact served as a social contract, outlining the principles of governance and the importance of unity among the Pilgrims. The document emphasized the idea of majority rule and the equal participation of all members in decision-making processes. By creating the Mayflower Compact, the Pilgrims laid the foundation for democratic principles that would shape the future of the United States.
A port city is a bustling hub of activity where ships from all over the world dock to load and unload goods. These cities are strategically located near bodies of water like harbors, making them ideal for trade and transportation.
The Puritans were a group of English Protestants who sought to reform the Church of England during the 16th and 17th centuries. They believed in strict religious discipline and lived simple, devout lives. The Puritans valued education and established schools to ensure that their children could read and understand the Bible. They also emphasized hard work and believed that success was a sign of God's favor. The Puritans played a significant role in the colonization of America, with the establishment of the Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1630.
The Quakers are a religious group that originated in England in the 17th century. They believe in the importance of simplicity, equality, and peace. Quakers believe that everyone has an inner light or spark of the divine within them, which guides their actions and decisions. They value honesty, integrity, and social justice. Quakers are known for their peaceful approach to conflict resolution and their commitment to nonviolence. They played a significant role in the abolitionist movement and have been advocates for various social issues throughout history.
Religious persecution refers to the mistreatment or oppression of individuals or groups based on their religious beliefs. One prominent example of religious persecution in American history can be seen through the experiences of the Pilgrims and Puritans. In the early 17th century, the Pilgrims, who were a group of English Separatists, sought religious freedom from the Church of England. Facing persecution and discrimination, they made a courageous journey to the New World aboard the Mayflower in 1620. Landing in Plymouth, Massachusetts, they established a colony where they could practice their faith freely.
Representative Government, also known as self-government, is a system where the power to make decisions and govern is given to elected representatives who act on behalf of the people. This form of government allows citizens to have a say in the decision-making process through the election of officials. In representative government, the elected representatives are responsible for creating and passing laws that reflect the will and needs of the people they represent. This system ensures that the voices of the citizens are heard and that their interests are taken into account when making important decisions. Through representative government, individuals have the opportunity to actively participate in the democratic process and shape the future of their nation.
Salutary Neglect was a policy adopted by the British government towards its American colonies in the 17th and 18th centuries. Under this policy, the British authorities exercised a hands-off approach and showed leniency in enforcing colonial laws and regulations. This non-interference allowed the colonies to develop their own political and economic systems, fostering a sense of independence and self-governance.
Triangular Trade was a significant aspect of the global economy during the 16th to 19th centuries. This trade network involved three continents: Europe, Africa, and the Americas. The triangular route began in Europe, where manufactured goods such as textiles, weapons, and tools were loaded onto ships. These ships then sailed to Africa, where these goods were traded for African slaves. The slaves were then transported across the treacherous Middle Passage to the Americas. In the Americas, the slaves were sold and exchanged for raw materials, such as tobacco, sugar, and cotton. These raw materials were then transported back to Europe, where they were used to produce manufactured goods, thus completing the triangular trade cycle.
The Virginia Company was a joint-stock company established in 1606 with the goal of establishing a permanent English settlement in North America. King James I granted the company a charter, which gave them the right to settle in the region known as Virginia. The company sent three ships, the Susan Constant, the Godspeed, and the Discovery, carrying over 100 settlers to the New World. On May 14, 1607, they landed on the banks of the James River and established Jamestown, the first permanent English settlement in America.
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