Three-species system is a module of competitive communities and food web. In three-species systems, we can observe new dynamics which is never seen in two-species systems.
Ranjan et al., (2024) Ecol. Lett. categorizes possible outcomes by using expanded invasion criteria [Chesson (2000)].
<Reference>
Ranjan, R., Koffel, T., & Klausmeier, C. A. (2024). The three‐species problem: Incorporating competitive asymmetry and intransitivity in modern coexistence theory. Ecology Letters, 27(4), e14426.