D 4.1 Natural selection

Syllabus statements

D4.1.1 Natural selection as the mechanism driving evolutionary change

D4.1.2 Roles of mutation and sexual reproduction in generating the variation on which natural selection acts

D4.1.3 Overproduction of offspring and competition for resources as factors that promote natural selection

D4.1.4 Abiotic factors as selection pressures

D4.1.5 Differences between individuals in adaptation, survival and reproduction as the basis for natural selection

D4.1.6 Requirement that traits are heritable for evolutionary change to occur

D4.1.7 Sexual selection as a selection pressure in animal species

D4.1.8 Modelling of sexual and natural selection based on experimental control of selection pressures

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D4.1.9 AHL Concept of the gene pool

D4.1.10 AHL Allele frequencies of geographically isolated populations

D4.1.11 AHL Changes in allele frequency in the gene pool as a consequence of natural selection between individuals according to differences in their heritable traits|

D4.1.12 AHL Differences between directional, disruptive and stabilizing selection

D4.1.13 AHL Hardy–Weinberg equation and calculations of allele or genotype frequencies

D4.1.14 AHL Hardy–Weinberg conditions that must be maintained for a population to be in genetic equilibrium

D4.1.15 AHL Artificial selection by deliberate choice of traits