Syllabus statements

C1.2.1 ATP as the molecule that distributes energy within cells

C1.2.2 Life processes within cells that ATP supplies with energy

C1.2.3 Energy transfers during interconversions between ATP and ADP

C1.2.4 Cell respiration as a system for producing ATP within the cell using energy released from carbon compounds

C1.2.5 Differences between anaerobic and aerobic cell respiration in humans

C1.2.6 Variables affecting the rate of cell respiration

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C1.2.7 AHL Role of NAD as a carrier of hydrogen and oxidation by removal of hydrogen during cell respiration

C1.2.8 AHL Conversion of glucose to pyruvate by stepwise reactions in glycolysis with a net yield of ATP and reduced NAD

C1.2.9 AHL Conversion of pyruvate to lactate as a means of regenerating NAD in anaerobic cell respiration

C1.2.10 AHL Anaerobic cell respiration in yeast and its use in brewing and baking

C1.2.11 AHL Oxidation and decarboxylation of pyruvate as a link reaction in aerobic cell respiration

C1.2.12 AHL Oxidation and decarboxylation of acetyl groups in the Krebs cycle with a yield of ATP and reduced NAD

C1.2.13 AHL Transfer of energy by reduced NAD to the electron transport chain in the mitochondrion

C1.2.14 AHL Generation of a proton gradient by flow of electrons along the electron transport chain

C1.2.15 AHL Chemiosmosis and the synthesis of ATP in the mitochondrion

C1.2.16 AHL Role of oxygen as terminal electron acceptor in aerobic cell respiration

C.1.2.17 AHL Differences between lipids and carbohydrates as respiratory substrates