D 3.1 Reproduction

Syllabus statements

D3.1.1 Differences between sexual and asexual reproduction

D3.1.2 Role of meiosis and fusion of gametes in the sexual life cycle

D3.1.3 Differences between male and female sexes in sexual reproduction

D3.1.4 Anatomy of the human male and female reproductive systems

D3.1.5 Changes during the ovarian and uterine cycles and their hormonal regulation

D3.1.6 Fertilization in humans

D3.1.7 Use of hormones in in vitro fertilization (IVF) treatment

D3.1.8 Sexual reproduction in flowering plants

D3.1.9 Features of an insect-pollinated flower

D3.1.10 Methods of promoting cross-pollination

D3.1.11 Self-incompatibility mechanisms to increase genetic variation within a species

D3.1.12 Dispersal and germination of seeds

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D3.1.13 AHL Control of the developmental changes of puberty by gonadotropin-releasing hormone and steroid sex hormones

D3.1.14 AHL Spermatogenesis and oogenesis in humans

D3.1.15 AHL Mechanisms to prevent polyspermy

D3.1.16 AHL Development of a blastocyst and implantation in the endometrium

D3.1.17 AHL Pregnancy testing by detection of human chorionic gonadotropin secretion

D3.1.18 AHL Role of the placenta in foetal development inside the uterus

D3.1.19 AHL Hormonal control of pregnancy and childbirth

D3.1.20 AHL Hormone replacement therapy and the risk of coronary heart disease