How do cells distinguish between the many different signals that they receive?
What interactions occur inside animal cells in response to chemical signals?
What patterns exist in communication in biological systems?
In what ways is negative feedback evident at all levels of biological organization?
C2.1.1 AHL Receptors as proteins with binding sites for specific signalling chemicals
C.2.1.2 AHL Cell signalling by bacteria in quorum sensing
C2.1.3 AHL Hormones, neurotransmitters, cytokines and calcium ions as examples of functional categories of signalling chemicals in animals
C2.1.4 AHL Chemical diversity of hormones and neurotransmitters
C2.1.5 AHL Localized and distant effects of signalling molecules
C2.1.6 AHL Differences between transmembrane receptors in a plasma membrane and intracellular receptors in the cytoplasm or nucleus
C2.1.7 AHL Initiation of signal transduction pathways by receptors
C2.1.8 AHL Transmembrane receptors for neurotransmitters and changes to membrane potential
C2.1.9 AHL Transmembrane receptors that activate G proteins
C2.1.10 AHL Mechanism of action of epinephrine (adrenaline) receptors
C2.1.11 AHL Transmembrane receptors with tyrosine kinase activity
C2.1.12 AHL Intracellular receptors that affect gene expression
C2.1.13 AHL Effects of the hormones oestradiol and progesterone on target cells
C2.1.14 AHL Regulation of cell signalling pathways by positive and negative feedback
The power point presentation and the accompanying student notes are used as resources in class - together with activites, discussion, simulations and experiments.