Zabdy

π“‘π“›π“žπ“– 𝓔𝓝𝓣𝓑𝓨 #1

Introduction

Hi everyone!!

My name is Zabdy Duran, I'm 19 years old, and like most of you already know, I'm in the language program. I will tell you a little bit about the experience of my life which helped me find one of my greatest interests.

I was not born here. As a kid, I lived in Colombia and then my family decided to start a new life in Canada. When I first moved into this country, one of my biggest challenges was to learn french. It was completely new for me and it was my first time learning a new language (other than my mother tongue.) The process was hard and sometimes it discouraged me. However, I wanted to be proud of myself. That was a bit of an obsession for me because I dedicated myself to that day and night. I understood that without a respective language, communication with your environment can be very difficult and even impossible. That made me feel a sense of helplessness, sadness, and anger. The only solution I had at that time was simply to learn the language.

Then, I started to appreciate more every single language. I thought how crazy it was to be able to understand someone with a different language from yours. I also thought about how hard it can be to be part of a society where you can't find your place. That's when the people that aren't able to use their voice to communicate came to my mind. Deaf people are part of our society but we are not giving them the chance to feel part of our "world".

The purpose of my blog is for you to realize that sometimes we take for granted the smallest things. I want you to know more about the deaf community and the big challenges they going through every day. Also, I want that, after reading this, you think and be more aware of those who don't have the same abilities as us. We have to consider more the deaf community. They are part of our society!

Enjoy!

π“‘π“›π“žπ“– 𝓔𝓝𝓣𝓑𝓨 #2

Final Topic Selection

I really though about a lot of topics that I could use for my blog. I really wanted something with which I could feel identified in one or another way. Some of the topics I thought about were:

  • Immigration
  • The construction of a language
  • How languages are used around the world
  • Etc...

Finally, I mixed a bit every topic that was in my mind and I came out with: Sign Languages. That language had a lot of history and it can be excluded from people in a lot of ways. I really want to do my researches on it because I'm sure there's a lot of interests things that we are not aware of. My main goal is to inform people about the issues and daily life of deaf people.


What you should know...

In this world, there is an uncountable number of languages. Some languages are more popular such as Spanish, French or English, and others that are less popular such as Polish, Dutch, or Danish. However, there is a language that people don't seem to be interested in and you may already what it is. Take a guess? Sign language? You got it right!

Sign Language is more important than we think because there are millions of people that need it to communicate. Lamentably, most of them live in unfavorable conditions (low- and middle-income countries) and do not have the best attention. They struggle to get some access to appropriate ear and hearing care services. That made their lives more difficult to live. Also, because of the economic need, they cannot ask for outside help from professional people such as interpreters or translators. So, when we think about it, Sign Language is accompanied by more problems than we think.

I want to tell you some other facts about that language and it may change your perspective about deaf people. There are currently more than 466 million people in the world who have a hearing loss which means more than 5% of the world's population. Also, 34 million children and 1 of 3 people over 65 years old are affected by this disability.

These are some of the reasons why I think people should be informed of this subject. Each of us can help those who have fewer resources and who do not have the same skills as us to communicate.

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Source #2

This video speaks once again of the importance we should give to people with hearing problems. That supported my first source because it highlights how important interpreters are and also the important things we should know about the deaf community.

It talks about how we persuade interpreters. We found that job interesting and sometimes even funny, but we don't think about the big impact and the good work they are doing for some people. We all need an education, a job, medical appointments, etc. Everyone should have access to the most common public services and all that kind of thing that needs communication. Interpreters are just doing the role of voice for those who aren't able to communicate their ideas. Lauren Tolo highlights the fact that deaf people are changing positively the world, she says: "Deaf people as a cultural identity are richly diverse, and today they are making strides in every field, developing new medical advances and inventing new technologies." That only confirms that the deaf community greatly impacts the world and are conscious of what is happening around them.

π“‘π“›π“žπ“– 𝓔𝓝𝓣𝓑𝓨 #4

The beginning of signs

The first American school for deaf children, who is known now as American School for the Deaf (ASD), was established in Hartford, Connecticut in 1817. That building was the result of the partnership of 3 men: Mason Fitch Cogswell, an American doctor who was able to hear, however, he was the father of a deaf child; Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet, an American reverend, who was also able to hear; and Laurent Clerc, a deaf French educator.

The Anual Report of the direction of ASD said in 1887 that "the population of 77 students who attended the school in its first two years came from diverse backgrounds" and most of them had never used sign language before. Clerc played a big role in the founding of ASD because he introduced French Sign Language ("langue des signes française" or LSF).

On the other hand, American Sign Language (ASL) also had its beginning. William Stokoe, an American linguist, was the first to identify the linguistic properties of ASL. He was the one who published the first book, which describes the composition of sign and their meanings, it was called the Dictionary of American Sign Language on Linguistic Principles.

Even if French was technically the first sign language learned by the fist deaf American in the ASD, the American Sign Language influenced much more the rest of the sign languages ​​and it became used by may deaf Americans and also hearing people.

π“‘π“›π“žπ“– 𝓔𝓝𝓣𝓑𝓨 #5

1. ASL (American Sign Language)

What is it?

American Sign Language is a natural language that is expressed by hand movements and facial expressions. ASL is used by many Americans that aren't able to hear but also by hearing people. The linguistic properties of ASL are the basic ones that everyone should know in order to be able to communicate with deaf people.

π“‘π“›π“žπ“– 𝓔𝓝𝓣𝓑𝓨 #6

International Sign

International Sign (IS) is in some cases moreover referred to as an assistant dialect where meaning must be arranged between signers. IS Signers used it in international meetings/settings to communicate with deaf people who do not share the same conventional, native signed language (NSL). International Sign is not a deaf community sign language nor a conventional language.

Nowadays, IS functions as a contact language with some form-meaning conventions. Even though it is intensely affected by American Sign Language (ASL) internationally, experienced IS signers these days attempt to be as autonomous, from one particular national sign language, as conceivable to guarantee the fullest comprehension of the message from a huge audience of different backgrounds.

Different types of sign language around the world

The biggest question about sign language is if the way of communication is the same in every place you go to. The answer is no. Sign language is NOT UNIVERSAL. In fact, there are between 138 and 300 types of sign language in the world, without counting the new ones that are created every single day by children and deaf adults.


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Here are some examples:

  • British Sign Language (BSL)
  • Auslan (Australian) Sign Language
  • New Zealand Sign Language
  • French Sign Language (LSF)
  • Irish Sign Language (ISL)
  • Chinese Sign Language (CSL or ZGS)
  • Brazilian Sign Language (Libras)
  • Indo-Pakistani Sign Language
  • Spanish Sign Language (LSE)

π“‘π“›π“žπ“– 𝓔𝓝𝓣𝓑𝓨 #8

Alphabets in Sign Language

As you already know, Sign Language has more than one way to be expressed. In the source above, I highlight the fact that Sign Language is not universal. As a matter of fact, the alphabet of sign language changes for each different deaf community (each different place in the world). An important thing about it is that most countries that have the same main language do not share the same sign language.

Someone who is learning sign language, for example, a young deaf child, should start by knowing the alphabet and its respective signs. By that, I mean that it is important to learn how to fingerspell each character of the alphabet.


Fingerspelling

What is it?

Fingerspelling is the use of hand shapes that correspond to the letters of a writing system to spell out a word.

Important to know!

When is it used? Fingerspelling is used, most of the time, to spell words of people's names, places, titles, organizations, and brands.

Why not use fingerspelling instead of ASL signs?

It would not be practical to use only fingerspelling because conversations would be very long and some things like feelings or expressions could not be well defined with this method.

Ukranian Sign Language Alphabet

Greek Sign Language Alphabet

Arabic Sign Language Alphabet

Sign Language Alphabets examples

Japanese Sign Language Syllabary

American Sign Language Alphabet (ASL)

British, Australian and New Zealand Sign Language (BANZSL) Alphabet

Swedish Sign Language Alphabet

Spanish Sign Language (LSE) Alphabet

β„™π•–π•£π•€π• π•Ÿπ•’π• ℝ𝕖𝕗𝕝𝕖𝕔π•₯π•šπ• π•Ÿ

Sign Language is just another language, from our society, that represents a community and its culture. So far, I have learned a lot of new things about this language. It is incredible how this language has different ways of being communicated and of being understood. Many people do not know how big sign language is and the impact that it generates on millions of people around the world. Personally, after this reflection, I have started to think about the measures that the world takes to help these people who cannot communicate, and there are not many or they just don't do it with the purpose of being seen or the purpose of helping. I think people don't give a lot of importance to this subject because is not something that affects them directly. However, the deaf community needs help like all of us be it financial, health, family, educational, etc. So, why we put them aside if they are just people like us. Feeling left out is bad because it causes impotence, and as an immigrant, I can relate with them on how hard it can be to be part of this society when you are different. We should think more about this community and try, as we can, to help them get ahead with a normal life.

The brain's left hemisphere is dominant for sign language, just as it is for speech. A common question is, what happens if there is damage on that side of the brain? For deaf signers, they will be a remarkable problem called paraphasias (slips of the hand) that can be as the slips of the tongue experienced by hearing patients.

π“‘π“›π“žπ“– 𝓔𝓝𝓣𝓑𝓨 #9

Sign language in the brain

The area of Broca and the area of Wernicke (there are many others) are two regions of the brain's left hemisphere which play important roles in language processing. The region of Broca is activated by hearing persons as they talk, and when signing in deaf people. The Wernicke area is used with both voice and sign comprehension.

The deaf signer that had problems with communication had damage that included the region of Wernicke, while the individual who had trouble producing signals had damage that included the region of Broca.

π“‘π“›π“žπ“– 𝓔𝓝𝓣𝓑𝓨 #10

The linguistics of Sign Languages

There is a lot of stranges ideas and prejudices about sign languages. Some people do not know if the grammar is used in sign languages, its origin, or even if it is really considered as a language. In this book, a lot of those questions are answered.

Sign languages derived from spoken languages, but it emerged from the natural interaction between deaf people. There are different beliefs about the first way of communication between humans in the pre-historic period. This refers to the "gestural theory of language origin" and concludes that sign language made its first appearance long before spoken languages.

Important terms to understand better the linguistics:

  • Linguistic universals
  • Modality-specific universals
  • Sign languages: Visual-spatial modality
  • Spoken languages: Oral-aural modality

π“‘π“›π“žπ“– 𝓔𝓝𝓣𝓑𝓨 #11

Some tips to communicate with deaf people

Always face a deaf person

  • Make eye contact the whole conversation (don't look away)
  • Don't cover your mouth: Deaf people rely on lip reading.

Check noise and lighting

  • Move away from backgorund noise
  • Your face doesn't have to be in the shadow
  • There can't be no strong lights or sunshine in their eyes.

Keep your distance

  • Stand a metre or two away from the deaf person
  • Important for hearing-aid users, lip readers and signers.

Speak clearly, slowly and steadily

  • Don't shout, mumble or exaggerate.

Take turns

  • If there's more than one person in a conversation, it's important to take turns to talk.



Repeat and re-phrase if necessary

  • If it's hard to understand each other, repeating or saying things in another way may help.

Write it down

  • Another way to make yourself understood is to write or draw what you want to express.

β„™π•–π•£π•€π• π•Ÿπ•’π• ℝ𝕖𝕗𝕝𝕖𝕔π•₯π•šπ• π•Ÿ

I feel so happy to have chosen this subject!! To be honest, at first, yes, I was interested on sign languages, but at one moment I doubted on my topic choice. I guess at the beginning I was not really into it so it became a challenge for me, but then when I started all my researches I suddenly was in love with sign languages. I learn a lot of things about it and it change my mind about this language. I'm sure that now I will constantly thing about the Deaf community and their lifes. I hope that wih my blog I not only change my mind but yours also. Sign language is such an important language for our society but there is not enough emphasis on it. Now, I want to learn Sign languages and maybe in the futur I would be able to help the Deaf community as I wish!

π“‘π“›π“žπ“– 𝓔𝓝𝓣𝓑𝓨 #12

And to end this well...

some music for you...of course in ASL!

Enjoy!!

THANK YOU, I HOPE YOU LIKED IT!!

Sources (used in the blog)

1. β€œAmerican Sign Language.” National Institute of Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 14 Apr. 2020, www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/american-sign-language.

2. Anissa. "Moana-You're Welcome (ASL Cover)" Youtube, upload by Anissa, 24 jul. 2017, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Nr2jOvcCD0Y&feature=emb_title

3. Baker, Anne. The Linguistics of Sign Languages : An Introduction. John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2016. EBSCOhost, search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=nlebk&AN=1258953&site=eds-live&scope=site.

4. Brooks, Richard. β€œA Guide to the Different Types of Sign Language Around the World.” K International, 8 Jan. 2020, k-international.com/blog/different-types-of-sign-language-around-the-world/.

5. Deaf Film Camp at CM7. "Pharrell's "Happy" in ASL" Youtube, upload by CM7 Deaf Film Camp, 13 Aug. 2014, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H3KSKS3TTbc&feature=emb_title

6. β€œDeafness and Hearing Loss.” World Health Organization, World Health Organization, www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/deafness-and-hearing-loss.

7. Hickok, Gregory, et al. β€œSIGN Language in the BRAIN.” Scientific American, vol. 284, no. 6, 2001, pp. 58–65. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/26059249. Accessed 15 May 2020.

8. Matheson, Gemma. β€œSign Language Alphabets From Around The World.” Ai, blog.ai-media.tv/blog/sign-language-alphabets-from-around-the-world.

9. reena582 Follow. β€œWhat Is Fingerspelling?” LinkedIn SlideShare, 4 June 2015, www.slideshare.net/reena582/what-is-fingerspelling.

10. Shaw, Emily, and Yves Delaporte. A Historical and Etymological Dictionary of American Sign Language : The Origin and Evolution of More Than 500 Signs. Gallaudet University Press, 2015. EBSCOhost, search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=nlebk&AN=1179849&site=eds-live&scope=site.

11. β€œTheoretical Issues in Sign Language Research, Volume 2.” Google Books, Google, books.google.ca/books?hl=en&lr=&id=56J2hOxD5yQC&oi=fnd&pg=PA191&dq=fingerspelling+&ots=3JHCdoF3fU&sig=G-BshKskTRrZXwHdzkLWtapdEI0#v=onepage&q=fingerspelling&f=false.

12. Tolo, Lauren and Tolman, Andrew. "ASL Interpreting 101 for Hearing People" Youtube, upload by TEDxTalks, 4 Sept. 2019, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j1kqCE1J2MM&t=2s

13. Whynot, Lori A. Understanding International Sign : A Sociolinguistic Study. Gallaudet University Press, 2016. EBSCOhost, search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=nlebk&AN=1444454&site=eds-live&scope=site.

14. β€œ7 Top Tips for Communicating for Deaf People.” Hearing Dogs for Deaf People, www.hearingdogs.org.uk/blog/communicating-with-deaf-person-tips2/.