Krong Siem Reap, Cambodia 柬埔寨暹粒
Sbek Thom Ty Chean's Troupe was founded by puppet master Ty Chean in 1997, focusing on Sbek Thom. Ty Chean had been a veteran puppeteer before the Pol Pot regime. Unfortunately, the tradition of Sbek Thom was suspended due to the Civil War. It was not until 1997 that Ty Chean recruited disciples once again. Though Ty Chean passed away in 2000, puppeteers from the younger generation continue to preserve the essence and tradition of Sbek Thom with Ty Chean’s grandchild, Chien Sophan. In 2014, with the support of Japan’s KDDI foundation, the Troupe built a performance hall that allows them to perform and rehearse even during the rain seasons. Sbek Thom Ty Chean's Troupe currently performs with both Sbek Thom and Sbek Touch.
Sbek Thom Ty Chean's Troupe 由大師 Ty Chean 於 1997 年成立,主要演出 Sbek Thom(大皮影戲)。Ty Chean 在波爾布特執政之前,就是一位非常熟練的表演者,然而大皮影戲的傳統長期以來因內戰而中斷。直到 1997 年,Ty Chean 重新招募了新的學徒。儘管他已於 2000 年去世,但年輕一輩的操偶師仍試圖與 Ty Chean 的孫子 Chien Sophan 一同保存傳統表演 Sbek Thom 的精隨。2014年,在日本組織 KDDI 基金會的支持下,劇團新建了一個表演廳,因此可以在雨季進行練習和表演。團隊目前的演出包煩 Sbek Thom 和 Sbek Touch(小皮影)。
Sbek Thom Ty Chean's Troupe’s performances are all based on Reamker, the Cambodian version of Indian epic Ramayana. The original version of Reamker has seven chapters, and it takes hours to finish the performance of a chapter. Therefore, the troupe sometimes has to create shorter versions of the performance based on different instances.
Sbek Thom Ty Chean's Troupe is not currently invested in creating new pieces, but it does not mean that they do not care about new works. They believe that the more important mission at this point is to pass down the tradition that they inherited from the former generations to the later generations.
The training required for performing Sbek Thom includes reading extensive texts which are not only the play scripts, but different versions of Reamker or other ancient books, in order to understand the god's world and the characters’ emotions. When performing or rehearsing, the most important task is to pay attention. Since leather puppets do not have souls in them, puppeteers have to carefully listen to the music and narration to truly breathe souls into the puppets.
Sbek Thom Ty Chean's Troupe 演出內容為古代故事《Reamker》,是柬埔寨版的印度史詩《羅摩衍那》。傳統的《Reamker》演出有七個篇章,每一個篇章完整演出長數個小時,因此有時候依據面對的情況,創作比較短的演出版本。
Sbek Thom Ty Chean's Troupe 沒有創作新的作品,然而,這並不代表團隊無心在新的創作,而是認為此時更重要的任務,是將上一代傳承給他們的傳統演出再傳給下一代。
演出 Sbek Thom 需要的訓練,包含閱讀大量文本,不只是劇本,還有不同版本的《Reamker》或其他古書,以了解神明的世界或角色的情感。當進行演出或練習時,最重要的事情是集中精神,因為皮偶本身沒有靈魂,因此操偶師需要很仔細地聽音樂和說書,才能把靈魂注入偶中。
Sbek Thom Ty Chean's Troupe normally hosts 40 shows each year with 10 to 40 audiences each. Most audiences are tourists. The performances usually take place around the temples, and sometimes at their own theatre.
Since traditional performance requires igniting the fire and burning coconut shells as the light source, most of their shows are staged at night. During the rain season or if requested by the visitors, the troupe then performs at the lobby of their theatre with stage lighting.
Sbek Thom Ty Chean's Troupe 一年大約有四十場演出,每場十到四十位觀眾,而幾乎所有演出都是表演給觀光客看的。演出多半會在廟宇區域,有時候也會在劇團自己的地方演出。
因為傳統演出需要點火、燒椰子殼當作光源,戶外演出通常都是晚上演。如果是雨季或賓客想要在白天看演出,則會在劇團的大廳用燈具演出。
Sbek Thom Ty Chean's Troupe has been invited to Japan many times for performances and workshops since its establishment in 1997.
Sbek Thom Ty Chean's Troupe 於 1997 年創立之後,曾多次受邀到日本演出和舉辦工作坊。
Photo Credit: Sbek Thom Ty Chean's Troupe