居家高齡者之會話行為: 以一位女性高齡者的家庭對話為例

111年06月22日 

研究生：齋藤雅子

指導教授：陳錦慧 博士

居家高齡者之會話行為: 以一位女性高齡者的家庭對話為例

Older People’s Home-based Conversational Behaviors: A Case Study of An Elderly Female’s Family Talk 

摘要:

現存文獻缺乏觀察與高齡者自然對話的研究，因此，本論文透過檢視一位女性高齡者與她四位家族成員的對話策略，以延伸社會老年語言學的學術研究。本論文的研究方法為會話分析法 (conversation analysis)，藉此觀察他人如何回應此為女性高齡者的自我苦痛 / 不愉快揭露 (PSD)以及其懷舊話語。研究結果主要可分為三種主要對話模式。

     首先，一段具備合作態度且可能產生高度滿意的高齡者家庭對話，主要基於對話者間展現的幾種溝通策略: 譬如、高頻率的合作性銜接、重疊話語以及重複前者所言、對相互熟悉的話題展現高度興趣的對話態度。

     再者，家人回應該高齡女性的回憶談話時，經常刻意忽略該高齡者的發笑邀請，讓原本可以針對高齡女性提出奇認為有趣的人生故事表達興趣的可能性，因此消失，此互動策略的結果可能造成一段略為令人不滿意的家庭對話。

     第三、女性高齡者抒發其痛苦或困擾時 (PSD)，其家人的回應方式多為一連串的沉默、停頓、重疊語突然轉變話題的對話策略。這可能讓高齡女性者感到忽視，其需要傾聽的需求無法被滿足。

     針對未來的研究建議，建議將語料延伸至高齡者與非家庭成員之間的對話模式，藉此與家庭情境的高齡者對話進行比較，相關可以考慮的參與者可以包含: 照顧服務員或相醫療人員。再者，非語言的對話策略如何促進語高齡者的對話也是另一個可以考慮的研究課題。

關鍵詞: 高齡者會話行為、家庭情境的對話互動、會話分析法、自我苦痛揭露 (PSD)、回應策略

Abstract:

     Very few studies in existing literature observed natural conversations with older people so this thesis aimed to extend such a research trajectory by examining the conversational strategies and interactions in talks between one elderly lady and her four family members. Conversation analysis was employed as the main research method and the analysis focused on how others responded to her painful self-disclosures (PSD) and reminiscences. Three main conversation patterns were identified: 1) A collaborative and satisfactory family conversation is realized in a number of communicative strategies, such as, high frequency of supportive latching, overlapping, repetition based on the shared knowledge about the mutually interested topics. 2) A slightly dissatisfactory family conversation could be caused by ignorance of the elderly lady’s laughter invitations to engage in her reminiscence talks; 3) A dispreferred or uninteresting topic (PSDs) raised by the elderly lady could trigger conversational responses, such as, a sequence of silence, pause, overlapping, and an abrupt change of topic by her family members. For future research, it is worthwhile to study conversations between older people and non-family members, such as care workers or medical staff or to examine how non-verbal conversational strategies are employed to enhance communication with older people.

Keywords: older people’s conversational behaviors, talk-in-interaction in family contexts, conversation analysis, painful self-disclosures (PSD), response strategies