US Department of Transportation 2023 report on Shared Micromobility and Microtransit
Links to more research below!
Read HBW's 2019 report for an introduction and overview to "micromobility" - human-scaled devices, like scooters.
Check back as we publish more research below!
"Micromobility in Cities a History and Policy Overview"
National League of Cities (NLC)
Center for City Solutions
"Guidelines for Regulating Shared Micromobility"
National Association of City Transportation Officials (NACTO)
"Designing for All Ages & Abilities"
National Association of City Transportation Officials (NACTO)
"The Shared Use City"
International Transport Forum
Additional Research about E-bikes and Micromobility
Sustainability research:
United States Department of Transportation report on Shared Micromolity and Microtransit (2023)
Congestion and environmental impacts of short car trip replacement with micromobility modes (2022)
Electric bicycles and cargo bikes—Tools for parents to keep on biking in auto-centric communities? (2021)
E-bikes and their capability to reduce car CO2 emissions (2021)
Electric Assisted Bikes (E-bikes) Show Promise in Getting People out of Cars (2019)
How E-bike Incentive Programs are Used to Expand the Market (2019)
National Electric Bike Owner Survey - Recent research from Portland State University found that e-bikes encourage new people to ride, gets those who already ride to ride more often, and people feel safer when riding e-bikes than standard bikes. E-bikes are replacing car trips as well. Results indicated that e-bike rides replaced 1,778 motor vehicle miles (average of 9.3 miles per trip) just within the last three trips reported by respondents. MacArthur J., (2017)
Health, Accessibility & Safety research:
E-Bike And Classic Bicycle-Related Traumatic Brain Injuries Presenting To The Emergency Department (2021)
Adaptive Bike Share: Expanding Bike Share to People with Disabilities and Older Adults (2020)
Safety of e-bikes compared to conventional bicycles: What role does cyclists’ health condition play? (2020)
GoCycle research shows owning an e-bike makes you healthier, happier and less likely to use your car (2020)
E-bike safety: A review of Empirical European and North American Studies (2019)
Health Benefits of electrically-assisted cycling: a systematic review (2018)
Physical activity when riding an electric-assisted bicycle (2017)
Comparing physical activity of pedal-assist electric bikes with walking and conventional bicycles (2017)
Risky riding: Naturalistic methods comparing safety behavior from conventional bicycle riders and electric bike riders, Accident; analysis and prevention A study of bike sharing users in Knoxville, Tennessee found that e-bike riders exhibit nearly identical safety behavior as regular bike riders. Langford, B., et al., (2015)
e-bikeSAFE: a naturalistic cycling study to understand how electric bicycles change cycling behavior and influence safety A 2013 study from the Netherlands explored how crashes and near-crashes are different for e-bikes as compared to traditional bikes. Dozza, M., et al, (2013)
Attitudes research:
E-bikes on Public Lands: A Survey of E-bike Users in Colorado (2020)
Perceptions of Conflict Surrounding Future E-Bike Use on the Arizona Trail (2020)
Mountain bikers attitudes and perceptions of eMTBS (electric-mountain bikes) (2019)
E-bikes in the Mainstream: Reviewing a Decade of Research (2016)
e-bike pilot project City of Boulder (CO)
Comprehensive library of e-bike research on the Light Electric Vehicle Education + Research Initiative website
How people currently perceive electric bicycles and how these new types of bicycles might fit into our work. Results and analysis of a national survey of American bicyclists. McLeod, K., (2015)
Regulations of e-bikes in North AmericaA review of e-bike classifications and regulations and an exploration of conflicts between e-bikes and other vehicles found that as e-bike users increase, so do issues with vehicles, bicycles and pedestrians. MacArthur, J. and Kobel, N., (2014)
Electric bicycles: public perceptions & policy In a 2015 survey, League of American Bicyclists members agree that e-bikes have positive aspects. More than 80% of respondents indicated that they agreed or somewhat agreed that electric bicycles can be used by older people and people with physical challenges, functionally replace cars for a wide variety of trips, offer transportation options to people who can’t drive, expand the number of people using bicycles, get more people biking more often and make family bicycling more accessible. McLeod, K., (2015)