2006 - 2007
> Flybe
1988 - 1993
> BAC Aircraft
1990 - 2007
1969 - 1974
> British Airtours
1952 - 1970
> Northeast Airlines
2006 - 2025
2001 - 2019
1986 - 1989
> British Air Ferries
Aircraft registered to STH Sales Ltd. STH stood for Sean T Hulley who was based at Southend and owned Baltic Airlines (UK) and Hot Air.
1985 - 1991
> Acquired by Germania
1990 - 1992
> Brymon Airways
1983 - 1990
> Birmingham European Airways
2002 - 2012
24 January 2002
bmibaby Ltd was established as a subsidiary of bmi British Midland, entering the increasingly competitive European low-cost airline market.
23 March 2002
bmibaby commenced scheduled operations with its first flight from East Midlands to Málaga. The new airline initially operated Boeing 737 aircraft inherited or transferred from bmi.
October 2002
A second operating base opened at Cardiff Airport, expanding bmibaby's network into South Wales.
May 2003
bmibaby established a base at Manchester Airport, adding a further source of European short-haul services.
October 2003
A fourth base was opened at Durham Tees Valley Airport, extending bmibaby's network into north-east England.
January 2005
bmibaby opened its largest new base to date at Birmingham International Airport, strengthening its position in the English Midlands.
2006
The Durham Tees Valley base was closed after passenger numbers failed to meet expectations.
1 March 2007
bmibaby launched a new initiative aimed at business travellers, allowing passengers to select and pay separately for additional services such as ticket flexibility, lounge access and online check-in. bmi Diamond Club members could also earn miles when flying with bmibaby.
2007–2008
East Midlands became bmibaby's largest operating base. By 2007 the airline had nine aircraft based there, but weakening demand for city-break travel led to the withdrawal of several routes during 2008.
November 2009
bmibaby announced that its fleet would be reduced from 17 to 12 aircraft and that significant job losses were expected, as the airline sought to reduce losses and concentrate on its strongest routes.
2010
bmibaby continued to operate a reduced fleet of Boeing 737-300s and 737-500s from its principal Midlands bases. The airline remained wholly owned by bmi British Midland.
April 2011
bmibaby announced that its Cardiff and Manchester bases would close in October 2011, with resources being concentrated at Birmingham and East Midlands and a new base planned for Belfast City Airport.
October 2011
The Cardiff and Manchester bases closed as planned.
22 December 2011
International Airlines Group announced an agreement to acquire bmi from Lufthansa. The proposed transaction included bmi's subsidiaries bmibaby and BMI Regional, although IAG indicated that the subsidiaries might subsequently be sold.
March 2012
bmibaby opened its final new operating base at Belfast City Airport, replacing the airline's previous operation at Belfast International.
20 April 2012
IAG completed its acquisition of bmi and inherited bmibaby as part of the transaction. Attempts continued to find a separate buyer for the low-cost subsidiary.
3 May 2012
IAG announced that it had been unable to find a buyer for bmibaby and would wind down the airline. A programme of route reductions began, with several services ending from June.
11 June 2012
A number of bmibaby's routes, including services to destinations such as Amsterdam, Paris, Geneva and Belfast, ceased as the airline entered its final phase of operations.
Summer 2012
The remaining network was progressively reduced as aircraft and staff were withdrawn ahead of the planned closure.
9 September 2012
bmibaby operated its final commercial flight, Málaga–East Midlands WW5330, bringing the airline's ten-year operation to an end. More than 800 jobs were ultimately lost through the closure, including around 400 at the airline's Castle Donington headquarters.
September 2012
bmibaby ceased operations and was subsequently wound down following the integration of bmi into British Airways.
1962 - 1966
> BOAC
6 June 1962 — Agreement announced
BOAC and the Cunard Steam-Ship Company announced an agreement to establish BOAC-Cunard Ltd., a new joint company intended to consolidate their interests in scheduled services between Britain and North America, the Caribbean and northern South America.
The proposed capital was £30 million, with BOAC holding 70% and Cunard 30%. BOAC would operate the company's aircraft and charge BOAC-Cunard for the operating costs.
June 1962 — BOAC-Cunard begins operations
The new company began operating in June 1962. Cunard Eagle's long-haul scheduled operation was absorbed into BOAC-Cunard, including the two Boeing 707s that Cunard Eagle had acquired/ordered for its proposed transatlantic operation. The European, trooping and charter parts of Cunard Eagle were not simply transferred wholesale to BOAC-Cunard.
BOAC-Cunard was primarily an operating / joint-commercial arrangement, while BOAC supplied much of the actual flying capacity and operational infrastructure.
26 June 1962 — Parliamentary confirmation
The Government formally described the arrangement in Parliament. BOAC-Cunard had £30 million capital, divided 70/30 between BOAC and Cunard, with profits and losses shared in the same proportions. BOAC was to operate the new company's aircraft on its behalf.
September 1962 — Bermuda operation transferred
The Cunard Eagle Bermuda operation was transferred to BOAC-Cunard, completing the consolidation of the principal Cunard Eagle transatlantic scheduled activity into the new joint venture.
This is the point at which the Bermuda operation properly belongs in a BOAC-Cunard chronology.
1962–1963 — Boeing 707 operation
BOAC-Cunard's transatlantic operation was principally based on Boeing 707s. BOAC contributed aircraft/capacity and operated the aircraft for the joint company; spare BOAC-Cunard capacity could also be used to supplement BOAC's own operation. The arrangement was deliberately designed to maximise utilisation of the combined resources.
The arrangement initially suffered financially: for June 1962–March 1963 BOAC-Cunard recorded a loss of just over £1 million.
1963 — Cunard begins withdrawing from Cunard Eagle
Harold Bamberg began buying back Cunard's interest in the remaining Cunard Eagle business in February 1963, with the process ultimately completed in 1966. In August 1963 the airline was renamed British Eagle International. This should not be confused with BOAC-Cunard: Cunard Eagle's residual European/charter business was separate from the BOAC-Cunard transatlantic operation.
1963–1964 — BOAC-Cunard becomes established
BOAC-Cunard continued operating the scheduled North Atlantic, Caribbean and South American services. By April 1964 the British Government reported that BOAC-Cunard had carried 44% of UK-originating/terminating traffic on the relevant routes since its formation.
The financial position had also improved substantially compared with the first year.
1964 — Introduction of the VC10 era
BOAC's standard Vickers VC10 entered commercial service in April 1964.
1 April 1965 — Super VC10 enters service
The Vickers Super VC10 entered BOAC service in April 1965, with the type being particularly suited to the prestige North Atlantic operation.
The first Super VC10 specifically associated with the BOAC-Cunard operation, G-ASGC, first flew on 1 January 1965, was handed over to BOAC-Cunard in March/April, and entered North Atlantic service shortly afterwards.
1965–early 1966 — BOAC-Cunard operates 707s and Super VC10s
The operation now used both Boeing 707s and Super VC10s, with the Super VC10 increasingly associated with the North Atlantic operation.
The surviving fleet records identify four Super VC10s in the BOAC-Cunard fleet: G-ASGC, G-ASGD, G-ASGE and G-ASGF.
1966 — Cunard decides to withdraw
By 1966 the economics of Cunard's position had changed. Cunard faced major capital requirements in its shipping business while BOAC-Cunard was approaching another expensive fleet-replacement programme.
In September 1966, Cunard proposed selling its 30% interest. BOAC agreed to buy it for £11.5 million, representing Cunard's share of the estimated net asset value.
15 October 1966 — BOAC takes 100% control
The agreement made the transfer effective 15 October 1966. From that date, the routes then operated in the name of BOAC-Cunard were to be 100% BOAC-operated/owned. The two companies nevertheless retained joint selling and air/sea interchange arrangements.
1967 - 1993
> British World Airlines
1967 - 1973
> British Regional Airlines
1932 - 1951
HQ: Croydon Airport
Airline designators: n/a
1974 - 1988
BEA Airtours < > Caledonian
1935 - 1940
Merged with Imperial Airways > BOAC
HQ: London City Airport
Airline designators: n/a
Armstrong Whitworth Argosy II
G-AACJ** 01/10/1935 > --/12/19362012 – 2015
HQ: London City Airport
IATA: BA ICAO: BAT
Callsign: GHERKIN
2002 - 2006
> BA Connect
1964 - 1986
> British International Helicopters
1999 - 2014
Merged with Iberia Cargo
1932 - 1933
HQ: Blackpool
Airline designators: n/a
1993 - 2001
1984
[ Refer to Virgin Atlantic Airways ]
1946 - 1962
1982 - 1985
> Cal Air International
Main base: Gatwick (LGW / EGKK)
IATA: EN ICAO: CAI
Callsign: CALJET
1979 - 1987
> Caledonian Helicopters
1979 - 1980
1935 - 1936
Merged into British Airways Ltd
Main base: Croydon Airport
Airline designators: n/a
1963 - 1968
1 January 1946
The BEA Division of BOAC was formally established as the government prepared to create a separate state airline for domestic and European services. The new division inherited the organisation developed by RAF Transport Command's No. 110 Wing for post-war European flying.
4 February 1946
The BEA Division of BOAC took over the European services previously operated by No. 110 Wing, 46 Group, RAF Transport Command. Operations were centred on RAF Northolt, using Douglas Dakotas initially still carrying RAF markings.
1 March 1946
BEA's Dakotas began appearing in BOAC colours and uniforms as the transition from military to civil operation continued.
1 August 1946
The British European Airways Corporation (BEAC) came into existence under the Civil Aviation Act 1946. BEA assumed responsibility for British domestic and European scheduled services and began operating as a separate corporation.
Late 1946
BEA consolidated the UK's domestic and European scheduled network and began taking over routes formerly operated by the independent airlines under the wartime Associated Airways system. Its organisation developed around a Continental Division at Northolt and a United Kingdom Division at Liverpool-Speke.
1 February 1947
BEA assumed responsibility for the remaining Railway Air Services network. Dakota G-AGYZ operated the corporation's first Northolt–Glasgow service, marking the effective transfer of the historic RAS domestic network to BEA.
1947–1949
BEA progressively replaced wartime aircraft with purpose-built civil types, including Avro Ansons, Avro Yorks, Vikings and DH.89 Rapides, while expanding the domestic and European timetable.
1950
The airline entered a new phase of fleet modernisation as the era of piston-engined airliners began giving way to turboprops.
1951
BEA introduced the Vickers Viking on major European routes while preparing for the arrival of the new Vickers Viscount.
1953
The Vickers Viscount entered BEA service, beginning the airline's highly successful turboprop era and establishing BEA as the world's leading operator of the type.
1955
BEA had substantially modernised its fleet with Viscounts and moved into sustained profitability after the expensive post-war rebuilding period.
1956–1957
BEA expanded its Viscount network throughout Britain and Europe and continued replacing older piston aircraft with turboprops.
1958
BEA became one of the first European airlines to prepare for the jet age with the de Havilland Comet 4B, designed specifically for short- and medium-haul European operations.
1959
The Comet 4B entered BEA service, bringing jet travel to the airline's European network.
1960
BEA began introducing larger and faster jet aircraft while continuing to operate one of the world's largest Viscount fleets.
1961
BEA placed increasing emphasis on higher-capacity regional and European services and expanded its network through its associated and subsidiary operators.
1962
BEA ordered the Hawker Siddeley Trident, committing the airline to a new generation of three-engined short- and medium-haul jets.
1964
The first Trident aircraft entered BEA service, providing a major increase in capacity on heavily travelled European routes.
1965
At Heathrow, a BEA Trident carried out the world's first fully automatic landing with commercial passengers, demonstrating the airline's leading role in the development of automated airline operations.
1966
BEA introduced the BAC One-Eleven to complement the larger Tridents on lower-volume domestic and European routes.
1967
The British Government established the Edwards Committee to examine the future structure of British civil aviation.
1968
BEA continued its fleet modernisation with larger numbers of One-Elevens and Tridents while retaining Viscounts and other turboprops for regional services.
1969
The Edwards Report recommended the creation of a British national air holding board to coordinate the two state corporations, BEA and BOAC.
24 April 1969
BEA established BEA Airtours as an inclusive-tour subsidiary based at Gatwick. The new operation subsequently became an important part of the group's charter activity.
1970
BEA Airtours began commercial operations, initially using Comet 4Bs leased from the parent company for inclusive-tour flying.
1971
The Civil Aviation Act 1971 provided the legal basis for the creation of a new British Airways Board, bringing BEA and BOAC under common management and control.
1 April 1972
The British Airways Board was established. BEA and BOAC now operated under a common holding structure, although their separate identities, fleets and route networks initially remained intact. The same reorganisation coincided with the establishment of the UK's new unified civil aviation regulatory system.
1 September 1972
BEA became the British European Airways Division of the British Airways Group. Its separate corporate identity was retained within the new structure for the time being.
1973
The final full year of BEA operations saw the airline carrying approximately 8.74 million passengers and recording its highest-ever profit, excluding losses from its Scottish and Channel Islands operations.
31 March 1974
BEA operated its final independent services. A BEA Trident operating flight BE943 from Dublin to Heathrow made the corporation's final arrival at approximately 23:30.
1 April 1974
British European Airways ceased to exist as a separate airline, merging with BOAC to form the unified British Airways. The former BEA operation became the British Airways European Division.
2000 - 2002
> Flybe
1989 - 1991
> Independent Airways
1970 - 1980
1982 - 1991
1944 - 1945
> British South American Airways (BSAA)
Main base: Langley Airfield > Heathrow
Airline designators: n/a
[ Refer to British South American Airways (BSAA) ]
1923 - 1924
Merged with Handley Page Transport, Instone Airline and Daimler Airway > Imperial Airways
HQ: Woolston
Airline designators: n/a
1994 - 2007
HQ: London Heathrow (LHR / EGLL)
IATA: KJ ICAO: LAJ
Callsign: BEE MED
1964 - 2001
Renamed BMI
1998 - 2001
> BMI Regional / Flybmi
1947 - 1950
2001 - 2006
G-AGER the very first Short S.25 delivered to BOAC in Nov 1942
G-AGES
G-AGET
G-AGEU
G-AGEV
G-AGEW
G-AGJM
G-AGJN
G-AGJO
G-AGJP
G-AGJR
G-AGJS
G-AGJT
G-AGJU
G-AGJV
G-AGJW
G-AGJX
G-AGJY
G-AGJZ
G-AGKA
G-AGKB
G-AGKC
G-AGKD
G-AGKE
G-AGKF
G-AGKG
G-AGKH
G-AGKI
G-AGKJ
G-AGKK
G-AGKL
G-AGKM
G-AGKN
Sandringham 5 'Plymouth Class'
G-AHZA
G-AHZB
G-AHZC
G-AHZD
G-AHZE
G-AHZF
G-AMBP
G-AMBR
G-AMBS
Sandringham 7 'Bermuda Class'
G-AKCO
G-AKCP
G-AKCR
The BOAC "Whitley Freighter" Fleet
Armstrong Whitworth Whitley Mk V heavy bombers converted to civilian cargo carriers for BOAC's wartime efforts:
G-AGDU Z9208 March 1942 – August 1942 Substantially damaged in a hard landing at Whitchurch Airport, Bristol. Handed back to the RAF for repairs.
G-AGDV Z9216 March 1942 – April 1942 Brief trial lease; quickly returned to the RAF.
G-AGDW Z6660 March 1942 – April 1942 Brief trial lease; quickly returned to the RAF.
G-AGDX BD385 April 1942 – July 1943 Used for Middle East supply flights; returned to the RAF.
G-AGDY BD386 April 1942 – April 1943 Used for Middle East supply flights; returned to the RAF.
G-AGDZ BD387 April 1942 – January 1943
1 April 1940
British Overseas Airways Corporation (BOAC) was created by the amalgamation of Imperial Airways and British Airways Ltd. BOAC became Britain's principal state-owned international airline, responsible for long-distance services to Europe, Africa, Asia and the wider British Empire.
1940–1945
During the Second World War, BOAC operated essential long-distance services between Britain and Allied territories. With civil aviation severely restricted, the airline maintained strategic air links using aircraft such as the Short Empire flying boats, C-class flying boats, Lockheed Lodestars, Douglas aircraft and Consolidated Liberators, while developing routes and operating techniques that would prove important after the war.
1941
BOAC expanded its routes to the Middle East, India and Africa, while operating dangerous wartime services across the Mediterranean and other conflict zones.
1942
The airline began using the newly developed Consolidated Liberator for long-range wartime services, helping establish faster oceanic air links.
1943
BOAC introduced the Avro York, derived from the Lancaster bomber, for long-distance passenger, freight and mail operations. The type became one of the airline's principal post-war aircraft.
1944
BOAC participated in preparations for the restoration of international civil aviation after the war, while continuing its extensive wartime network.
1945
The end of the Second World War allowed BOAC to resume and expand civilian operations. The airline began rebuilding its long-haul network and preparing for a new generation of post-war airliners.
1946
BOAC introduced the Avro York on major long-distance routes while its new Lockheed Constellation fleet was being prepared. In the same year, responsibility for Britain's European services was separated into the new BEA organisation.
1947
BOAC became the operator of the world's first regular commercial Stratocruiser-era planning programme as it prepared for the arrival of the Boeing 377, while expanding its post-war Empire network.
1948
The arrival of the Lockheed Constellation marked a major improvement in speed, range and passenger comfort on BOAC's long-distance services.
1949
BOAC introduced the Boeing 377 Stratocruiser, bringing pressurised double-deck aircraft and greatly improved long-haul passenger accommodation to the fleet.
1950
BOAC continued expanding its long-distance network while developing new services to Africa, Asia, Australasia and North America.
1952
BOAC became one of the world's first major operators of the de Havilland Comet, the first jet airliner to enter scheduled passenger service. The aircraft dramatically reduced journey times on long-distance routes.
1954
Following the grounding of the Comet fleet after a series of accidents, BOAC returned to piston-engined aircraft while the causes of the accidents were investigated. The investigations led to major advances in pressurised-airliner design.
1955
BOAC ordered the new Bristol Britannia turboprop, while preparations continued for the eventual return of jet-powered long-haul services.
1956
The Britannia entered BOAC service, providing a quieter and more economical alternative to the large piston-engined aircraft still operating on many routes.
1958
The de Havilland Comet 4 entered BOAC service, restoring the airline's role at the forefront of long-haul jet aviation.
1959
BOAC expanded its Comet 4 network while preparing for the next generation of larger and faster long-range aircraft.
1960
BOAC introduced the Boeing 707, beginning the airline's full-scale transition to large intercontinental jet operations. The aircraft substantially reduced journey times on routes to North America and other long-distance destinations.
1961
BOAC continued replacing piston and turboprop aircraft with jets and expanded its worldwide long-haul network.
1962
BOAC placed orders for the new Vickers VC10, designed specifically for demanding British long-haul routes, including services from airports with shorter runways and challenging operating conditions.
1964
The VC10 entered BOAC service, becoming one of the defining aircraft of the airline's later years.
1965
BOAC's jet network continued to expand across Africa, Asia, Australia and North America, while the airline developed increasingly sophisticated long-range passenger and freight operations.
1967
The British Government commissioned the Edwards Committee to examine the future organisation of British civil aviation, including the relationship between BOAC and BEA.
1968
BOAC continued preparations for the wide-body era and selected the Boeing 747 as its next major long-haul aircraft.
1969
BOAC received the first of its Boeing 747s and began commercial operation of the type, ushering in the wide-body era. The Boeing 747 provided a major increase in passenger and cargo capacity and became the flagship of the fleet.
1970–1971
BOAC expanded its 747 network while continuing to operate Boeing 707s and VC10s. The airline remained Britain's principal long-haul carrier, serving an extensive worldwide network.
1972
The British Airways Board was established, bringing BOAC and BEA under common ownership and management as separate operating divisions. BOAC retained its identity while preparations were made for a unified British flag carrier.
1973
BOAC operated its final full year as a separate corporation, with preparations intensifying for the merger with BEA.
31 March 1974
BOAC operated its final services as a separate airline.
1 April 1974
BOAC and BEA were merged to form British Airways, bringing Britain's principal long-haul and European scheduled airlines together. BOAC's worldwide network, fleet and operations became the British Airways International Division.
1996 - 2002
Merged
1945 - 1949
> BOAC
Main base: Langley Airfield > Heathrow
Airline designators: n/a
1962 - 1968
> British United Island Airways
1963 - 1967
> British Air Ferries
1960 - 1970
> Caledonian
1968 - 1970
> British Island Airways (BIA)
1960 - 1966
1993 - 2001
1970 - 1992
> Brymon European Airways
1987 - 1998
> British Midland Commuter
1999 - 2004