CONTENT:

Gullet: The frog's center of the mouth for opening the digestive tube. We discovered this while dissecting the frogs mouth.

Glottis: This is in the frog's mouth and is located below the gullet and lower jaw. It controls the movement of air between the mouth and lungs. This was also found when dissecting inside the frog's mouth.

Eustachian tube: These are the angles of the jaw where there are two openings, one on each side of the mouth. They are used to equalize pressure in the inner ear while the frog is swimming.

Pericardial sac: The membrane that surrounds the heart. Frogs have a four chambered heart while humans only have a three chambered heart. This was looked at during the heart dissection.

External Anatomy-

1. Dorsal: Relating to the upper side or back on an animal.

2. Ventral: Relating to the upper side of an animal.

3. Anterior: Near the front, especially situated in the front of the body or the head.

4. Posterior: Further back in the position of or near the rear or hind end.

5. Head: The upper part of the body.

6. Torso: The trunk of the body.

Arteries: They carry the blood away from the heart then to have the veins carry the blood back to the heart. Each aortic arch has a branch leading to the lungs and skin where oxygenation occurs.

Muscular System: This helps push the frog off of the ground and into the air. Used by pushing its legs using the leg bone. This is similar to humans when walking and jumping.

Respiratory System: Frog organs that aid in respiration are lungs and the skin lining in the mouth. This is what allows the grogs to breath, they can breath with their lungs and through their skin. We discovered this during the dissection.

Digestive System: Digestion in frogs include mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and cloaca. We opened up these parts of the frog in order to help us understand this system better.

Reproductive System: External reproduction produces larger amounts of eggs and thus more offspring. A disadvantage is that the fertilization rate is extremely low.

Excretory System: The excretion in frogs is majorly carried out through kidneys, ureters, cloaca and urinary bladder. This moves blood through the frog's body as well in human bodies. There are two excretory openings.

Nervous System: The brain, spinal cord, and nerves are all parts of the frog's nervous system, this system controls the sensory systems, including hearing, sight and smell, as well as balance and movement through space. The skull protects this system.

Tympanic Membrane: This is when sound waves reach the tympanic membrane causing vibrations. We learned this in the pre-lab before the dissection.

Gas exchange: The frog's exchange gases through the skin and the lining in the mouth. This is different from humans because we are not able to breath through our skin.

REFLECTION:

Over the course of this lab there were many peaks and many pits but im going to share only two of each. Starting with two peaks, i feel like that my two were that when me and nick were focused we can do a lot. We were locked in as we would say. Another peak was how much i learned about different systems of the body and how they can also be in the frogs body.

Now for my two pits i would say they were my ability to stay focused. I have had this problem for awhile now knowing how severe the consequences are i am going to do my very best now. My other pit would be my attitude during it.

The twos for this project would be my communication and my contribution on the project. Me and Nick connected very well and knew what each others weaknesses and strengths are so we used that to our advantage.