Your task:
demonstrate understanding of the text and ownership of your own voices as you combine ideas from different sources.
...to place phrases into your own words for a new audience and purpose via significant rewording and syntactical change.
When and how to paraphrase, according to "Harvard's Guide to Using Sources"
"When you paraphrase from a source, you restate the source's ideas in your own words. Whereas a summary provides your readers with a condensed overview of a source (or part of a source), a paraphrase of a source offers your readers the same level of detail provided in the original source. Therefore, while a summary will be shorter than the original source material, a paraphrase will generally be about the same length as the original source material. "
Paraphrase the following. Include appropriate attribution either within the text or within a parenthetical citation:
“Decades of empirical research on personality traits of highly creative individuals have identified a relatively consistent set of core characteristics of creative individuals.”
From “The Dark Side of Creativity” by M. Akinola and W.B. Mendes, p. 1677, 2008.
Example with citation: Years of extensive studies on human's creative characteristics show common results in their level of creativity (Akinola and Mendes 1677).
Example with attribution: According to Akinola and W.B. Mendes, years of extensive studies on human's creative characteristics show common results in their level of creativity.
“This experiment engendered high-arousal emotional states by exposing participants to a laboratory task (Trier Social Stress Task; Kirschbaum, Pirke, & Hellhammer, 1993) designed to elicit strong and enduring positive or negative emotional responses.”
From “The Dark Side of Creativity” by M. Akinola and W.B. Mendes, p. 1678, 2008.
“Manic-depression distorts moods and thoughts, incites dreadful behaviors, destroys the basis of rational thought, and too often erodes the desire and will to live. It is an illness that is biological in its origins, yet one that feels psychological in the experience of it; an illness that is unique in conferring advantage and pleasure, yet one that brings in its wake almost unendurable suffering and, not infrequently, suicide.”
From An Unquiet Mind: A Memoir of Moods and Madness by Kay Redfield Jamison, p. 6, 1995.
“Clinicians have been, for obvious reasons of licensing and hospital privileges, reluctant to make their psychiatric problems known to others. These concerns are often well warranted. I have no idea what the long-term effects of discussing such issues so openly will be on my personal and professional life, but, whatever the consequences, they are bound to be better than continuing to be silent.”
From An Unquiet Mind: A Memoir of Moods and Madness by Kay Redfield Jamison, p. 7, 1995.
Remember: If you merely paraphrase with the synonyms of each word or set of words, you ALWAYS need to give attribution or parenthetical citation.