Embedded Files
Joseph Smith published the Book of Mormon 16 yrs before E.G. Squire & Davis did their first survey
...and 18 yrs before the Smithsonian's first official publication
Two of the artifacts that Powell would later spend a great deal of time/effort trying to "erase"
...had already been on display to the public for many years in the Smithsonian's museum.
"Helmut" is NOT what the text says...
"Helmut" is NOT what the text says...
And, "Head Plates" ARE exactly what the Smithsonian found
And, "Head Plates" ARE exactly what the Smithsonian found
Justin Kerr photo collection
Image: 4896
File date: 2001-03-28
Caption: Tikal Lady Vessel
Description: Maya. painted clay. Mundo Perdido, Tikal. Early Classic basal Flange vessel with woman's head. Nicknamed Painted Lips. National Museum of Guatemala n. 11417. See K6944 for another example.
These "head plates" are referenced several times in the Book of Mormon (Alma 43, Alma 49, Helaman 1, 3 Nephi 4 & Ether 15) but is most memorable in the story of Captian Moroni, who tore up his coat, wrote on it, fastened to a pole and called it the "Title of Liberty" (Alma 46:13)
"And he fastened on his HEAD-PLATE, and his breastplate, and his shields, and girded on his armor about his loins..."
- Most church members automatically translate this description mentally to him wearing a "helmet"... because that is our background/culture, European knights have helmets, and the way but that is NOT what the text says.
E.G. Squire & Davis's first official publication,
ANCIENT MONUMENTS
OF
THE MISSISSIPPI VALLEY
Also contains many drawings, sketches & measurements of the kind of fortifications the Book of Mormon text speaks of
which director powell also made it his mission to "erase" from the historical record
"And now it came to pass that Moroni did not stop making preparations for war, or to defend his people against the Lamanites; for he caused that his armies should commence in the commencement of the twentieth year of the reign of the judges, that they should commence in digging up heaps of earth round about all the cities, throughout all the land which was possessed by the Nephites.
"Now behold, the Lamanites could not get into their forts of security by any other way save by the entrance, because of the highness of the bank which had been thrown up, and the depth of the ditch which had been dug round about, save it were by the entrance."
"...and he [Moroni] caused that they should build a breastwork of timbers upon the inner bank of the ditch; and they cast up dirt out of the ditch against the breastwork of timbers; and thus they did cause the Lamanites to labor until they had encircled the city of Bountiful round about with a strong wall of timbers and earth, to an exceeding height."
"...upon the top of these ridges of earth he caused that there should be timbers, yea, works of timbers built up to the height of a man, round about the cities."
Although, archaeologists have also found "helmets"
Although, archaeologists have also found "helmets"
Image: 7953U
File date: 2009-11-17
Caption: Olmec Ballplayer
Description: Olmec. clay. Ballplayer. La Venta Museum. ht apprx 7 cm
There is a photo of a glyph... at Palenque, Schele collection... of this man's face.
1,500-year-old Ceramic Maya Figurine with Removable Helmet, from El Perú-Waka', Petén, Guatemala
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