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Jesus said "Ye remember that I spake unto you, and said that when the words of Isaiah should be fulfilled—behold they are written, ye have them before you, therefore search them— And verily, verily, I say unto you, that when they shall be fulfilled then is the fulfilling of the covenant which the Father hath made unto his people, O house of Israel." - 3 Nephi 20:11
Jesus said "Ye remember that I spake unto you, and said that when the words of Isaiah should be fulfilled—behold they are written, ye have them before you, therefore search them— And verily, verily, I say unto you, that when they shall be fulfilled then is the fulfilling of the covenant which the Father hath made unto his people, O house of Israel." - 3 Nephi 20:11
BoM Isaiah Chapter/Verses were added by Orson Pratt in 1870
BoM Isaiah Chapter/Verses were added by Orson Pratt in 1870
Joseph Smith dictated only seven "Chapter" = breaks in the text in the original manuscript of 1 Nephi 7x & 2 Nephi 15x chapters as they were written by Oliver Cowdry. What Joseph Smith produced was a pre-Babylonian (~600 BC) version of the Isaiah text. More than three decades later, in 1870, Orson Pratt intentionally altered the original 1830 version, to match the KJV chapters of Isaiah, so that church members would find it "easier" to study.
2 Nephi 20 - "O Assyrian, the rod of mine anger, and the staff in their hand is their indignation. I will send him against a hypocritical nation..." Shall I not, as I have done unto Samaria and her aidols, so do to Jerusalem and to her idols? Shall the aax boast itself against him that heweth therewith?
2 Nephi 20:17-19 - "...for a flame, and shall burn and shall devour his thorns and his briers in one day; And shall consume the glory of his forest, and of his fruitful field, both soul and body; and they shall be as when a standard-bearer fainteth. And the rest of the trees of his forest shall be few, that a child may write them.
Messiah comes ONLY after the People CHANGE
THE TYRANT ...who shall come:
2 Nephi 20:24 - O my people that dwellest in Zion, be not afraid of the Assyrian; he shall smite thee with a rod, and shall lift up his staff against thee, after the manner of Egypt.
2 Nephi 20:5, 24 - O Assyrian, the rod of mine anger, and the staff in their [?] hand is their indignation.
2 Nephi 24:25 - That I will bring the Assyrian in my land, and upon my mountains tread him under foot; then shall his yoke depart from off them [Lamanites/Jews], and his burden depart from off their [Lamanites/Jews] shoulders.
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Isaiah 10:5, 24 - O Assyrian, the rod of mine anger, and the staff in their hand is mine indignation. I will send him against an hypocritical nation, and against the people of my wrath will I give him a charge, to take the spoil, and to take the prey, and to tread them [Gentiles] down like the mire of the streets.
Micah 5:5-6 - "...when the Assyrian shall come into our land: and when he shall tread in our palaces, then shall we raise against him seven shepherds, and eight principal men. And they shall waste the land of Assyria with the sword, and the land of Nimrod in the entrances thereof: thus shall he [David, the Prince] deliver usfrom the Assyrian...
Hosea 5:10 -15 The princes of Judah were like them that remove the bound: therefore I will pour out my wrath upon them like water. Ephraim is oppressed and broken in judgment, because he willingly walked after the commandment... When Ephraim saw his [?} sickness, and Judah saw his wound, then went Ephraim to the Assyrian, and sent to king Jareb: yet could he [?] not heal you [Ephraim & Judah] , nor cure you of your wound. For I will be unto Ephraim as a lion, and as a young lion to the house of Judah: I, even I, will tear and go away; I will take away, and none shall rescue him [?]. I will go and return to my place, till they acknowledge their offence, and seek my face: in their affliction they will seek me early.
Hosea 11:5 - "...but the Assyrian shall be his [Ephraim] king, because they refused to return. And the sword shall abide on his [Ephraim] cities, and shall consume his branches, and devour them, because of their own counsels...
The Bible also teaches there will be another Temple in Jerusalem in the future (Ezekiel 41-45)
The Bible also teaches there will be another Temple in Jerusalem in the future (Ezekiel 41-45)
...that will need to be purified (requiring the red heifer)
...that will need to be purified (requiring the red heifer)
...before the Antichrist desecrates the Temple during the tribulation period as Jesus foretold (Matthew 24:15).
...before the Antichrist desecrates the Temple during the tribulation period as Jesus foretold (Matthew 24:15).
Basic TIMELINE of events
Basic TIMELINE of events
Isaiah 1:7 - Your land is ruined, your cities burned with fire;
Isaiah 1:30-31 ...you shall become like an oak whose leaves wither, and as a garden that has no water. 31 The mighty shall be as refuse, and their works a spark; both shall burn up alike,and there shall be none to extinguish.
Isaiah 2:10, 19 & 21 -Go into the rocks; hide in the dust from the awesome presence of Jehovah and from the brightness of his glory. ….Men will go into caves, in the rocks and holes in the ground, from the awesome presence of Jehovah and from the brightness of his glory, ...Men will go into crevices in the rocks and fissures in the cliffs, from the awesome presence of Jehovah and from the brightness of his glory,
Isaiah 4:4 - This shall be when my Lord has washed away the excrement of the women of Zion and cleansed Jerusalem of its bloodshed, in the spirit of justice, by a burning wind.
Isaiah 5:9 & 17 Jehovah of Hosts spoke this in my hearing: Surely many buildings shall lie desolate, large and fine houses unoccupied. ...and proselytes eat in the ruins of the affluent.
Isaiah 5:24 - As a blazing fire consumes stubble, and as dry weeds wane before the flame, so shall their roots decay away and their blossoms fly up like dust.
Isaiah 6:11-13 - And I replied, For how long, my Lord? And he said, Until the cities lie desolate and without inhabitant, the houses without a man, and the land ravaged to ruin. 12 For Jehovah will drive men away,and great shall be the exodus from the centers of the land. 13 And while yet a tenth of the people remain in it, or return, they shall be burned. But like the terebinth or the oak when it is felled, whose stump remains alive, so shall the holy offspring be what is left standing.
Isaiah 7:23–25 (author’s notes) Lands currently cultivated and providing high yields—a covenant blessing—revert to wilderness in Jehovah’s Day of Judgment (Isaiah 1:7; 24:1; 33:9). Briars and thorns—a covenant curse—additionally represent the wicked who overrun the land (Isaiah 5:5-6; 9:18; 33:12), who attempt to subsist armed with weapons. People who seek domesticated animals, which then roam free, must likewise go armed, not only against bands of marauders and invading enemies but also wild beasts. The entire scene is one of covenant curse, which only a remnant of Jehovah’s people survive by wading through it.
Isaiah 8:21 - 22 - ...they roam about embittered by hunger; and when they are hungry, they become enraged and, gazing upward, curse their king and their God. They will look to the land, but there shall be a depressing scene of anguish and gloom;
Isaiah 9:5 - For every battle of the warrior is with confused noise, and garments rolled in blood; but this shall be with burning and fuel of fire. (I do not like/agree with Avraham Gileadi’s translation of this verse, and have used the KJV instead - arrogant, I know.)
Isaiah 9:18 - Wickedness shall be set ablaze like a fire, and briars and thorns shall it consume; it shall ignite the jungle forests, and they shall billow upward in mushrooming clouds of smoke.
Isaiah 9:19 - At the wrath of Jehovah of Hosts the earth is scorched, and people are but fuel for the fire. Men will have no compassion for one another. They will snatch on the right, yet remain hungry; they will devour on the left, but not be satisfied: men will eat the flesh of their own offspring.
Isaiah 9:21 - Manasseh [Lamanties] will turn against Ephraim [USA?] and Ephraim against Manasseh, and both will combine against Judah. Yet for all this his anger is not abated; his hand is upraised still.
Which is confirmed by Book of Mormon prophets..
Which is confirmed by Book of Mormon prophets..
12 And my people who are a remnant of Jacob shall be among the Gentiles, yea, in the midst of them as a lion among the beasts of the forest, as a young lion among the flocks of sheep, who, if he go through both treadeth down and teareth in pieces, and none can deliver.
14 Yea, wo be unto the Gentiles except they repent; for it shall come to pass in that day, saith the Father, that I will cut off thy horses out of the midst of thee, and I will destroy thy chariots; And I will cut off the cities of thy land, and throw down all thy strongholds; And I will pluck up thy groves out of the midst of thee; so will I destroy thy cities.
20 For it shall come to pass, saith the Father, that at that day whosoever will not repent and come unto my Beloved Son, them will I cut off from among my people, O house of Israel;
21 And I will execute vengeance and fury upon them, even as upon the heathen, such as they have not heard.
22 But if they will repent and hearken unto my words, and harden not their hearts, I will establish my church among them, and they shall come in unto the covenant and be numbered among this the remnant of Jacob, unto whom I have given this land for their inheritance; And they shall assist my people, the remnant of Jacob, and also as many of the house of Israel as shall come, that they may build a city, which shall be called the New Jerusalem.
10 And it came to pass that when they had all given glory unto Jesus, he said unto them: Behold now I finish the commandment which the Father hath commanded me concerning this people, who are a remnant of the house of Israel.
11 Ye remember that I spake unto you, and said that when the words of Isaiah should be fulfilled—behold they are written, ye have them before you, therefore search them— And verily, verily, I say unto you, that when they shall be fulfilled then is the fulfilling of the covenant which the Father hath made unto his people, O house of Israel. And then shall the remnants, which shall be scattered abroad upon the face of the earth, be gathered in from the east and from the west, and from the south and from the north; and they shall be brought to the knowledge of the Lord their God, who hath redeemed them. And the Father hath commanded me that I should give unto you this land, for your inheritance.
15 And I say unto you, that if the Gentiles do not repent after the blessing which they shall receive, after they have scattered my people—Then shall ye, who are a remnant of the house of Jacob, go forth among them; and ye shall be in the midst of them who shall be many; and ye shall be among them as a lion among the beasts of the forest, and as a young lion among the flocks of sheep, who, if he goeth through both treadeth down and teareth in pieces, and none can deliver.
20 And it shall come to pass, saith the Father, that the sword of my justice shall hang over them at that day; and except they repent it shall fall upon them, saith the Father, yea, even upon all the nations of the Gentiles.
19 And behold, the Lord hath reserved their blessings, which they might have received in the land, for the Gentiles who shall possess the land. But behold, it shall come to pass that they shall be driven and scattered by the Gentiles; and after they have been driven and scattered by the Gentiles, behold, then will the Lord remember the covenant which he made unto Abraham and unto all the house of Israel. And then, O ye Gentiles, how can ye stand before the power of God, except ye shall repent and turn from your evil ways?
Therefore, repent ye, and humble yourselves before him, lest he shall come out in justice against you...
Therefore, repent ye, and humble yourselves before him, lest he shall come out in justice against you...
—lest a remnant of the seed of Jacob shall go forth among you as a lion, and tear you in pieces, and there is none to deliver.
—lest a remnant of the seed of Jacob shall go forth among you as a lion, and tear you in pieces, and there is none to deliver.
Nephi's copy of the words of Isaiah, on the brass plates was made prior to 600 B.C. The version of Isaiah we have in the KJV Bible, was compiled AFTER Jerusalem was conquered by the Babylonians, after Christ came 600 yrs later, and after the Romans completely destroyed the temple in 70 A.D. from the surviving fragments of scrolls called "Masoretic Texts" (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masoretic_Text) between 700 - 1,000 A.D.(edited)
Which means that the two copies were made some ~1,600 years apart, and have some differences -
In some verses, this ~1,600 yr difference in the copies is obvious, as in Isaiah 10:29 compared with 2 Nephi 20:29 where the KJV copy read “Ramah” (MT Rmh) but the BoM copy said “Ramath” - The "t" between the "a/h" is the more ancient form of the name, with the old feminine "-ath" suffix being used.
the 1830 Book of Mormon only has 15x chapters, whereas the newest version there are 33 chapters...at some point, someone realized that part of the fifteen chapters were copies of Isaiah, and decided to break them up in similar fashion... "compare Isaiah 6" now correlates with 2 Nephi 16 according to the headers (which were NOT in the 1830 version)
https://rsc.byu.edu/isaiah-prophets/isaiah-variants-book-mormon
Part 2 - Part 3 -- Part 4 & Part 5
In a number of passages, BoM adds the conjunction “and” to the text of KJV and finds confirmation in at least some of the versions. Some examples of this are listed below;
Isaiah 3:9 = 2 Nephi 13:9 = IQIsa, LXX, Peshitta, 1 Targum
Isaiah 3:14 = 2 Nephi 13:14 = LXX
Isaiah 3:26 = 2 Nephi 13:26 = LXX
Isaiah 48:8 = 2 Nephi 20:8 = IQIsa
Isaiah 48:13 = 1 Nephi 20:13–1 = IQIsa, LXX, S, Peshitta
Isaiah 48:14 = 1 Nephi 20:14 = IQIsa
Isaiah 50:9 = 2 Nephi 7:9 = LXX
Isaiah 48:22 = 1 Nephi 20:22 = IQIsa (BM adds “also”)
Isaiah 51:18 = 2 Nephi 8:18 = LXX (BM “and” replaces KJV “there is”)
BoM adds “and” to KJV in a place where Masoretic Text has the conjunction ...but KJV translators did not see it!
BoM is NOT a "Copy" of the KJV
BoM is NOT a "Copy" of the KJV
"Of the 478 verses in the Book of Mormon quoted from the book of Isaiah, 201 agree with the King James reading, but 207 show variations, 58 are paraphrased and 11 others are variants and/or paraphrases."
Below, is a document showing most of these variations...
BoM uses Pre-Babylonian Grammar & Gender suffixes
BoM uses Pre-Babylonian Grammar & Gender suffixes
Isaiah 9:3 (MT 9:2) compared with 2 Nephi 19:3:
KJV: “and not increased the nation”
BoM: “and increased the nation”
Jewish scholars of the Masoretic Text (MT) sometimes realized that a mistake was present in the biblical text. But since it was forbidden to alter the sacred scriptures, they left the error as a Ketib (“that which is written”), and added a footnoted Qere (“that which is read’’) to be vocalized while reading the text. In this passage, the Ketib of MT has the negative particle "not", while the Qere deletes it, as do twenty Hebrew manuscripts, all of which substitute the word lw (for l’, which is pronounced the same), “for him.” This same expression is found in Job 12:23 and Isaiah 26:15, both of which read like BoM, without the negative particle.
Isaiah 10:29 compared with 2 Nephi 20:29
KJV “Ramah” (MT Rmh) is rendered “Ramath” in BoM. This would be the more ancient form of the name, with the old feminine -ath suffix which, in later Hebrew, disappeared in the pausal form of the noun. Compare verse 28, where both KJV and BoM have the name “Aiath,” with the same feminine ending. This is particularly interesting, since it is ‘yt in MT, but was written as ‘yht in The Great Isaiah Scroll (1QIsa), in the Dead Sea Scrolls with the -t suffix apparently added as an afterthought (it is in superscription), following a writing which shows later pronunciation. That is, IQIsa originally wrote it as “Aiah”—as MT wrote “Ramah”—and later added a superscript letter to show the older form “Aiath,” possibly copying an older manuscript. => This is what would be expected in the BoM, as the brass plates were a much older source than Masoretic Text (MT).
Isaiah 48:14 compared with 1 Nephi 20:14
After the word “things,” BoM adds “unto them.” The addition also appears in The Septuigent (LXX). The Hebrew behind BoM would read ‘lh Ihm, literally “these unto them” (with “things” being under stood-actually unnecessary-in the Hebrew). MT evidently dropped the second word by haplography because it resembled the first. This example again provides evidence that BoM derives from an older text than MT (i.e., the brass plates).
BoM contains Chiasmus...
BoM contains Chiasmus...
chiasmus (/kaɪˈæzməs/ ky-AZ-məs) or, less commonly, chiasm (Latin term from Greek χίασμα, "crossing", from the Greek χιάζω, chiázō, "to shape like the letter Χ"), is a "reversal of grammatical structures in successive phrases or clauses – but no repetition of words".
Chiastic structure, or chiastic pattern, is a literary technique in narrative motifs using two ideas, A and B, together with variants A' and B', being presented as A,B,B',A'. Chiastic structures may also use less obvious "onion-ring compositions". These may be regarded as chiasmus "stair stepping" ideas (words or clauses) to larger segments of text, and ideas.
The BoM contains several, significantly complex Chiasmus
NOTES:
NOTES:
https://rsc.byu.edu/book/isaiah-prophets
https://rsc.byu.edu/isaiah-prophets/isaiah-variants-book-mormon
https://www.hebrew4christians.com/Grammar/Unit_One/Pictograms/pictograms.html
https://alephtavscriptures.com/paleo-hebrew-versus-babylonian-hebrew/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Hebrew_alphabet
John A. Tvedtnes, “Isaiah Variants in the Book of Mormon,” in Isaiah and the Prophets: Inspired Voices from the Old Testament, ed. Monte S. Nyman and Charles D. Tate Jr. (Provo, UT: Religious Studies Center, Brigham Young University, 1984), 165–78.
The Book of Mormon: The Earliest Text by Royal Skousen (2022). United Kingdom: Yale University Press.
The Vision of All, Twenty-five Lectures on Isaiah in Nephi's Record by Joseph M. Spencer · 2016
https://www.septuagint.bible/-/hesaias-kephalaio-48
https://archive.bookofmormoncentral.org/content/comparison-chapter-divisions-1830-and-1981-editions
Hans Rosling and the magic washing machine
http://www.ted.com/talks/hans_rosling_and_the_magic_washing_machine.html
Hans Rosling: Let my dataset change your mindset - June 2009
http://www.ted.com/talks/hans_rosling_at_state.html
~2:49 "student concept = reality... the year their professors were born"
Behavioral economist Dan Ariely, "Predictably Irrational", studies the bugs in our moral code: the hidden reasons we think it's OK to cheat or steal (sometimes).
http://www.ted.com/talks/dan_ariely_on_our_buggy_moral_code.htm
Harvard psychologist Dan Gilbert says our beliefs about what will make us happy are often wrong -- and presents research and some surprising tests and experiments that you can also try on yourself.
http://www.ted.com/talks/lang/eng/dan_gilbert_researches_happiness.html
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