Tshangla

Tshangla has a Tibetic superstratum and a very notable non-Tibetic substratum, with many basic lexical items diverging from those of Written Tibetan. The substratum of Tshangla is a separate Western Sino-Tibetan branch, likely a "para-Kiranti" language. Intriguingly, the ASJP groups Tshangla as a sister of Kiranti. Notably, Tshangla is also listed as a separate Trans-Himalayan "fallen leaf" by George van Driem.

Sources

Bodt, Timotheus A. 2012. The New Lamp Clarifying the History, Peoples, Languages and Traditions of Eastern Bhutan and Eastern Mon. Wageningen: Monpasang Publications.

Gerber, Pascal. 2018. Areal features in Gongduk, Bjokapakha and Black Mountain Mönpa phonology. Unpublished draft.