Northern Naga (Konyak)

Classification of Northern Naga (Konyakian) lects (Hsiu 2018)

• 1. Makyam

  2. Kuku Nokkone

  3. Makyam, Khale, Santung

  4. Nuclear Northern Naga

     1. Khiamniungic group

        1. Lainong

        2. Anbaw, Hwi Thaik

        3. Wan Ton Tha Mai

        4. Nok Nyo Kha Shang

           1. Lahe cluster (Lahe, Khamti, Long Kyan Nok Kone)

        5. Ponyo-Gongwan

• • • • 1. Ponyo: Ponyo Nok Inn, Lang Kheng

        2. Gongwan

• 4. 1. 6. Khiamniungan

     2. Konyak-Wancho-Tangsa

• • • 1. Konyak-Wancho

         1. Lao

         2. Konyak

         3. Kyan

         4. Wancho

            1. Wancho (Lower Wancho Hill)

            2. Wancho (Upper Wancho Hill), Karyaw

            3. Chuyo, Gaqkat

         5. Phom

         6. Chang (?)

      2. Tangsa

• • • • 1. Tikhak cluster: Tikhak, Longchang, Yongkuk, Muklom

        2. Jugli

        3. Shangvan cluster: Shangvan, Meitei, Haqcyeng, Ngaimong

        4. Pangwa cluster: Kyahi, Mungre, Shanke, Chamchang, Lochang, Dunghi, Moshang, Rera, Lungri, Cholim

        5. Halang cluster: Lama, Halang, Haqkhi, Bote

        6. Ringkhu cluster: Gaqyi, Shokrang, Henching, Rasa, Lakki, Ringkhu, Khalak, Shangti, Lungkhi, Kochung

        7. Gaqha

        8. Kotlum cluster: Kotlum, Raqnu, Aasen, Drancyi, Gaqlun

        9. Kon-Pingku cluster: Kon, Pingku, Nyinshao

        10. Sansik

        11. Champhang cluster: Nahen, Thamkok, Lumnu, Champhang

        12. Nocte-Tutsa cluster: Haqkhun, Tutsa, Ponthai, Hawi, Nocte, Haqsik, Haqchum, Yangno, Haqman

Note: Phom has not been included in the computational phylogenetic analysis, but my analysis of the Phom word list in Burling & Phom (1998) indicates that it belongs to the Konyak-Wancho branch. Chang is difficult to classify, but my guess is that is was originally a Konyak-Wancho language that has been heavily influenced by Ponyo-Khiamniungan-Lainong.

OTHERS

1. "Greater Tangkhulic"

   1. 1. Koki (?)

      2. Tangkhulic

         1. Akyaung Ari

         2. Tangkhul

         3. Phaphok

         4. Konkailon, Somra

2. "Greater Central Naga"

• • 1. Para

    2. Makury, Long Phuri

    3. Central Naga?

Homelands

Northern Naga: Lahe Township

Central Naga: Northern Leshi Township

Greater Tangkhulic: Southern Leshi Township

Phylogram

54 words; 96 taxa; Neighbor-Joining (NJ) algorithm; based on phonological and lexical isoglosses

See https://sites.google.com/site/msealangs/home/blog/konyak-naga

References

Burling, Robbins and Amon Phom, L. 1998. Phom Phonology and Word List. LTBA 21.2:13-42.

Lann, Khan. 2018. A Phonological Comparison of Shecyü and Mungre and its Contribution to a Common Tangshang Naga Orthography. Master’s thesis. Chiang Mai: Payap University.

Language and Social Development Organization (LSDO). 2006. A sociolinguistic survey of Makuri, Para, and Long Phuri Naga in Layshi Township, Myanmar. Unpublished manuscript.

LSDO. n.d. Northern Naga survey. m.s.

Saul, Jamie D. 2005. The Naga of Burma: Their festivals, customs and way of life. Bangkok, Thailand: Orchid Press.