Horpa-Lavrung

Layers:

• 1. Eastern Sino-Tibetan independent branch

  2. Burmo-Qiangic areal influences

Similarities with rGyalrong are due to contact because of geographical proximity. Sun (2018) has observed that lexical similarity percentages between Horpa and rGyalrong are in fact quite low - only around 15%.

Horpa classification (based on Sun 2018, with some of my own revisions):

• 1. Eastern

     1. East-central

        1. Dandong, Bian'er

        2. Geshenza, Dasang

     2. Far East

• • • 1. Niega, Bawang

• 2. Central (sTau, rTau): Daofu

  3. Northern

• • 1. Puxi

    2. Zongke

    3. Erkai

• 4. Northwestern

  5. Western (Minyag)

• • 1. Youlaxi

    2. Jialaxi

    3. Bomei

Sources

Sun, Jackson T.-S. 2018. The Ancestry of Horpa: Further Morphological Evidence. Taipei: Academia Sinica.

Nagano, Yasuhiko and Marielle Prins. 2013. rGyalrongic languages database. Osaka: National Museum of Ethnology (Minpaku).