Proclamation of Innocence

We the People of the USA who stand for Truth and Justice make Proclamation to the World that our US Government is acting without authority from We the People. We the People proclaim that the Federal, States, and Local Governments are acting beyond its delegated authority as prescribed within the US Constitution, Bill of Rights, and Declaration of Independence; and that the Federal, States, and Local Government's actions are Criminal and Corrupt according to the Peoples Constitution.

We the People of the USA proclaim the Constitution stands to show that all of these Un-Constitutional Federal and State efforts are completely unauthorized, and that Un-Constitutional acts from Government has no actual authority, and is actually not legitimate legislation whatsoever; in fact, it is what the Declaration of Independence refers to as “pretended legislation.”

Therfore, We the People do not recognize our State and Federal Government as legitimate Government. We proclaim State and Federal Government a Criminal Government in violation of the Peoples Constitution.

We the People of the USA honor the oath to support and defend the US Constitution, and not corrupt Government, nor corrupt Laws, nor corrupt Law Enforcement.

We also proclaim that we the People have lost all power to stop the Federal, States, and Local Governments who have forced the People, defenseless against the Tyrannical Governments, and against all of its select enforcers of Injustice that Tyrannize and Oppress the American People. We the People are now prisoners of the Government being held captive by way of corrupt deception from Un -Constitutional Law Making, and criminal activities within Government and the Legal System.

We ask the World to hold We the People of the USA unaccountable to the crimes of the Federal, States, and Local Governments, and its Corrupt Law Enforcement, and its Corrupt Courts and Corrupt Legal System. We the People have no way to stop this corruption. The Peoples Bill of Rights have been criminalized and banned by the Federal, States, and Local Governments, and the Legal System which prevents the people from stopping the criminal actions of these Governments and its Criminal Law Enforcement.

Our hope is that a Just and Good Opposition Force will be able to stop this Governmental Corruption & Tyranny, and restore the Peoples Constitution on which the USA stands for. We believe the Final Solution is Revolution by the People, and for the People as in the American Foundation against Governmental Tyranny. Our Revolution seeks all World Powers, Allies, and Divine Intervention who Supports and Defends Freedom, Justice, Equality, Liberty, and Fairness for the People.

We the People of the United States have Declared our Independence back in 1776. We did this because our government at the time was Brittain, and that government was tyrannical and oppressive against the people. At that time we were forced into a Revolutionary War against that corrupt government. We fought for Liberty, and wrote down our Constitution with Bill of Rights so that no future tyranny from Government could ever again gain a foothold in the USA. We the People limit Government, and give only minimal instructions for the government. The government today has become too big and too strong over the People, and they have went far beyond what they are allowed.

The Federal, States, and Local Governments today are a Frankenstein Monster created by the People, and now is out of control with no way to stop it.

To any, and all who can contribute to this important fight for Freedom, and the restoration of the Peoples Militia comprised of armed citizens (as guaranteed this Right by the US Constitution), and to all Foreign Friends and Allies in defense and support of the US Constitution please organize yourselves.

Send your inquiries, and information to help in organizing units, or Lone Wolf activities to: NoDakWrongfullyConvicted@gmail.com

* * *

"The Rulers who are guilty of such an encroachment, exceed the commission from which they derive their authority, and are Tyrants. The people who submit to it are governed by laws made neither by themselves nor by an authority derived from them, and are Slaves"

-- James Madison, June 1785.

"When Injustice becomes Law, Resistance becomes Duty." -Thomas Jefferson

Declaration of Independence

When in the Course of human events, it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which have connected them with another, and to assume among the powers of the earth, the separate and equal station to which the Laws of Nature and of Nature's God entitle them, a decent respect to the opinions of mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation.

We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness.--That to secure these rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed, --That whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the Right of the People to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new Government, laying its foundation on such principles and organizing its powers in such form, as to them shall seem most likely to effect their Safety and Happiness. Prudence, indeed, will dictate that Governments long established should not be changed for light and transient causes; and accordingly all experience hath shewn, that mankind are more disposed to suffer, while evils are sufferable, than to right themselves by abolishing the forms to which they are accustomed. But when a long train of abuses and usurpations, pursuing invariably the same Object evinces a design to reduce them under absolute Despotism, it is their right, it is their duty, to throw off such Government, and to provide new Guards for their future security.--Such has been the patient sufferance of these Colonies; and such is now the necessity which constrains them to alter their former Systems of Government. The history of the present King of United States, and Kings of most of these US States is a history of repeated injuries and usurpations, all having in direct object the establishment of an absolute Tyranny over these States.

To prove this, let Facts be submitted to a candid world.

...He has obstructed the Administration of Justice...

He has made Judges dependent on his Will alone...

He has erected a multitude of New Offices, and sent hither swarms of Officers to harrass our people, and eat out their substance.

He has kept among us, in times of peace, Standing Armies without the Consent of our legislatures.

He has affected to render the Military independent of and superior to the Civil power.

He has combined with others to subject us to a jurisdiction foreign to our constitution,...giving his Assent to their Acts of pretended Legislation:

For Quartering large bodies of armed troops among us:
For protecting them, by a mock Trial, from punishment for any Murders which they should commit on the Inhabitants of these States:..
...For imposing Taxes on us without our Consent:
For depriving us in many cases, of the benefits of Trial (Justice):
For transporting us...to be tried for pretended offences...
...For taking away our Charters, abolishing our most valuable Laws, and altering fundamentally the Forms of our Governments (violating our Constitution, Laws, and our Rights):
For suspending our own Legislatures, and declaring themselves invested with power to legislate for us in all cases whatsoever (and for usurpations, and enacting unconstitutional laws).

He has abdicated Government here, by declaring us out of his Protection and waging War against us.

He has plundered our seas, ravaged our Coasts, burnt our towns, and destroyed the lives of our people.

He is at this time transporting large Armies of foreign Mercenaries to compleat the works of death, desolation and tyranny, already begun with circumstances of Cruelty & perfidy scarcely paralleled in the most barbarous ages, and totally unworthy the Head of a civilized nation.

He has constrained our fellow Citizens taken Captive on the high Seas to bear Arms against their Country, to become the executioners of their friends and Brethren, or to fall themselves by their Hands.

He has excited domestic insurrections amongst us, and has endeavoured to bring on the inhabitants of our frontiers, the merciless Indian Savages, whose known rule of warfare, is an undistinguished destruction of all ages, sexes and conditions....

In every stage of these Oppressions We have Petitioned for Redress in the most humble terms: Our repeated Petitions have been answered only by repeated injury. A Prince whose character is thus marked by every act which may define a Tyrant, is unfit to be the ruler of a free people.

...We have warned them from time to time of attempts by their legislature to extend an unwarrantable jurisdiction over us.

...They too have been deaf to the voice of justice and of consanguinity. We must, therefore, acquiesce in the necessity, which denounces our Separation, and hold them, as we hold the rest of mankind, Enemies in War, in Peace Friends.

We, therefore, the People of the United States of America, appealing to the Supreme Judge of the world for the rectitude of our intentions, do, in the Name, and by Authority of the good People of these Colonies, solemnly publish and declare, That these United States are, and of Right ought to be Free and Independent States; that they are Absolved from all Allegiance to the corrupt U.S. Crown, and that all political connection between them and the States of the U.S., is and ought to be totally dissolved; and that as Free and Independent States, they have full Power to levy War, conclude Peace, contract Alliances, establish Commerce, and to do all other Acts and Things which Independent States may of right do within the restraints of the peoples U.S. Constitution. And for the support of this Declaration, with a firm reliance on the protection of divine Providence, we mutually pledge to each other our Lives, our Fortunes and our sacred Honor.

Bill Of Rights:

BILL OF RIGHTS + AMENDMENTS 11 THRU 27

https://www.archives.gov/founding-docs/bill-of-rights-transcript

Note: The following text is a transcription of the first ten amendments to the Constitution in their original form. These amendments were ratified December 15, 1791, and form what is known as the "Bill of Rights."

Amendment I

Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances.

Government stay the hell out of our religion; we will say what we want when we want and how we want to say it; And we will assemble ourselves when we want to tell you what we think about your crooked and corrupt practices that piss us off and violates our Rights.

Amendment II

A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed.

If you piss us off and you violate our Rights we gonna take up arms and blow your fuckin head off! And anybody who uses force against our homes and violate our rights, and violate our self, family, friends, neighbors, State, Country, and especially you mess with our Constitution we gonna fuck you up too!

Amendment III

No Soldier shall, in time of peace be quartered in any house, without the consent of the Owner, nor in time of war, but in a manner to be prescribed by law.

It dont matter if you a soldier, select government militia, law enforcement officer, or any government enforcer you best not enter our homes in an unlawful manner, or you will be a violating the Peoples Constitutional Right, and the second amendment allows us to blow your fuckin head off!

Amendment IV

The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no Warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by Oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized.

No person nor entity, including any government official, law enforcement, nor soldier may search, and seize for their taking the Peoples belongings whether it be in their homes, on their person, or any place that belongs to the person without a warrant that is only backed by probable cause, supported by oath or affirmation , and specifically describes the place, the person, and the things to be searched and seized. If any person or entity violates this Right of the People you risk getting your fuckin head blown off!

Amendment V

No person shall be held to answer for a capital, or otherwise infamous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a Grand Jury, except in cases arising in the land or naval forces, or in the Militia, when in actual service in time of War or public danger; nor shall any person be subject for the same offence to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb; nor shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself, nor be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor shall private property be taken for public use, without just compensation.

(This section Under Construction. Will continue at another time.)

Amendment VI

In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial, by an impartial jury of the State and district wherein the crime shall have been committed, which district shall have been previously ascertained by law, and to be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation; to be confronted with the witnesses against him; to have compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his favor, and to have the Assistance of Counsel for his defence.

Amendment VII

In Suits at common law, where the value in controversy shall exceed twenty dollars, the right of trial by jury shall be preserved, and no fact tried by a jury, shall be otherwise re-examined in any Court of the United States, than according to the rules of the common law.

Amendment VIII

Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted.

Amendment IX

The enumeration in the Constitution, of certain rights, shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people.

Amendment X

The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people.

The Bill of Rights Simplified

https://www.aclund.org/en/news/bill-rights-simplified

Join the American Revolution 2 !

Sign your name along with our Founders who signed the Constitution, and Declaration of Independence.

As a citizen of the USA it is our duty to support and defend our Constitution against all enemies foreign and "domestic".

The enemies are in our borders now. Some are at the level of the US government, the Court system, Law Enforcement, and many powerful and influential positions.

To go along with present anti-American Un-Constitutional Laws would be "Aiding and Abedding the enemies", which itself is a crime, and to obey these Unconstitutional laws because the domestic enemies in Law and Government tell you so would be unpatriotic as well as a crime.

Therefore, it is our duty as American citizen's to Resist this Tyranny from Government and Law Enforcement. There is no alternative but, that Natural Right to preserve ones Country, Constitution, and Civil Rights. When reason cannot achieve peaceful solutions because evil, and corruption from domestic enemies in Law and Government it becomes the Right and Duty of every American to throw off such Treasonous acts against the citizens Constitution by any means neccessary.

Our Constitution declares our Right to Bear Arms against such Tyranny in Government as a last resort. The Government knows this, which is why they are dis-arming Americans. It has nothing to do with public safety as they deceitfully tell you. Gun Control is to keep Government Supremacy by keeping the citizens unarmed, and uninformed of the Truths.

Remember, this country is the Peoples country, and not the Governments country. It is the Peoples Constitution and not the Governments Constitution. The Government is not going to defend the peoples Constitution like so many error in thought. It is we the People who must hold accountable those domestic enemies in Government and Law who we have entrusted to defend our Constitution who perjure their oath to support and defend our Constitution which those enemies and traitors have perverted the Peoples Constitution.

The enemy is cunning and comes in sheeps clothing. One way to identify the domestic enemies is does this person or entity support and defend the Constitution in its original form and intent, or is this person or entity taking away any of your Right from it, or perverting its original intent?

Does the Citizen have a Right of Self-Defense against "Un"-Constitutional

Law-Enforcement?

We have proven in the Gun Rights Section: https://sites.google.com/site/nodakwc/gun-rights

that the citizens have a Constitutional Right of Self Defense against any form of tyranny from Government, or any of Governments standing armies, or of its select militias, including law enforcement.

We know that the Court system, Judges, and Law -Makers can be corrupt, and also err in their decisions. Nonetheless, what are the opinions from the Courts and Judges say about this topic? The following articles looks at this:

Your Right of Defense Against Unlawful Arrest

http://www.constitution.org/uslaw/defunlaw.htm

“Citizens may resist unlawful arrest to the point of taking an arresting officer's life if necessary.” Plummer v. State, 136 Ind. 306. This premise was upheld by the Supreme Court of the United States in the case: John Bad Elk v. U.S., 177 U.S. 529. The Court stated: “Where the officer is killed in the course of the disorder which naturally accompanies an attempted arrest that is resisted, the law looks with very different eyes upon the transaction, when the officer had the right to make the arrest, from what it does if the officer had no right. What may be murder in the first case might be nothing more than manslaughter in the other, or the facts might show that no offense had been committed.”

“An arrest made with a defective warrant, or one issued without affidavit, or one that fails to allege a crime is within jurisdiction, and one who is being arrested, may resist arrest and break away. lf the arresting officer is killed by one who is so resisting, the killing will be no more than an involuntary manslaughter.” Housh v. People, 75 111. 491; reaffirmed and quoted in State v. Leach, 7 Conn. 452; State v. Gleason, 32 Kan. 245; Ballard v. State, 43 Ohio 349; State v Rousseau, 241 P. 2d 447; State v. Spaulding, 34 Minn. 3621.

“When a person, being without fault, is in a place where he has a right to be, is violently assaulted, he may, without retreating, repel by force, and if, in the reasonable exercise of his right of self defense, his assailant is killed, he is justified.” Runyan v. State, 57 Ind. 80; Miller v. State, 74 Ind. 1.

“These principles apply as well to an officer attempting to make an arrest, who abuses his authority and transcends the bounds thereof by the use of unnecessary force and violence, as they do to a private individual who unlawfully uses such force and violence.” Jones v. State, 26 Tex. App. I; Beaverts v. State, 4 Tex. App. 1 75; Skidmore v. State, 43 Tex. 93, 903.

“An illegal arrest is an assault and battery. The person so attempted to be restrained of his liberty has the same right to use force in defending himself as he would in repelling any other assault and battery.” (State v. Robinson, 145 ME. 77, 72 ATL. 260).

“Each person has the right to resist an unlawful arrest. In such a case, the person attempting the arrest stands in the position of a wrongdoer and may be resisted by the use of force, as in self- defense.” (State v. Mobley, 240 N.C. 476, 83 S.E. 2d 100).

“One may come to the aid of another being unlawfully arrested, just as he may where one is being assaulted, molested, raped or kidnapped. Thus it is not an offense to liberate one from the unlawful custody of an officer, even though he may have submitted to such custody, without resistance.” (Adams v. State, 121 Ga. 16, 48 S.E. 910).

“Story affirmed the right of self-defense by persons held illegally. In his own writings, he had admitted that ‘a situation could arise in which the checks-and-balances principle ceased to work and the various branches of government concurred in a gross usurpation.’ There would be no usual remedy by changing the law or passing an amendment to the Constitution, should the oppressed party be a minority. Story concluded, ‘If there be any remedy at all ... it is a remedy never provided for by human institutions.’ That was the ‘ultimate right of all human beings in extreme cases to resist oppression, and to apply force against ruinous injustice.’” (From Mutiny on the Amistad by Howard Jones, Oxford University Press, 1987, an account of the reading of the decision in the case by Justice Joseph Story of the Supreme Court.

As for grounds for arrest: “The carrying of arms in a quiet, peaceable, and orderly manner, concealed on or about the person, is not a breach of the peace. Nor does such an act of itself, lead to a breach of the peace.” (Wharton’s Criminal and Civil Procedure, 12th Ed., Vol.2: Judy v. Lashley, 5 W. Va. 628, 41 S.E. 197).

You are also within your rights not to answer any questions without a lawyer present, and if possible, to demand a video recording be made of the entire encounter that you or your lawyer keep as evidence, so that federal prosecutors can't get away with charging you with making false statements to a government investigator and testilying about what you said. See this article.

As a practical matter one should try to avoid relying on the above in an actual confrontation with law enforcement agents, who are likely not to know or care about any of it. Some recent courts have refused to follow these principles, and grand juries, controlled by prosecutors, have refused to indict officers who killed innocent people claiming the subject "resisted" or "looked like he might have a gun". Once dedicated to "protect and serve", far too many law enforcement officers have become brutal, lawless occupying military forces.

Right to Defend Yourself Against Unlawful Arrest

http://freedomfromgovernment.us/right-to-defend-yourself-against-unlawful-arrest/

When Should Force Directed against a Police Officer Be Justified ...

http://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=2&ved=0CC0QFjAB&url=http%3A%2F%2Fmainelaw.maine.edu%2Facademics%2Fmaine-law-review%2Fpdf%2Fvol45_2%2Fvol45_me_l_rev_385.pdf&ei=-GziUsXXJIfksASqkoK4CA&usg=AFQjCNH6JKSoN_Fe9YWyeqWTSH7gzUDTwg&bvm=bv.59930103,d.cWc&cad=rja

Therefore, it is well affirmed that Un-Constitutional laws are not Law, and have no duty. Thus, any enforcement of any Un-Constitutional Laws can be met with Resistance by the Citizen(s). The citizen(s) may use his 2nd Amendment to use Firearms against any form of tyranny. The Constitution guarantees this citizen resistance as duty, and legal protection of the People's Constitution, and the Citizens Rights.

It is preferable that the citizens form a militia to overthrow the Governments Militias, Standing Armies, and any Un-Constitutional Law Enforcers to increase the chance for success. The Government is much too powerful for the citizen acting alone, or in small numbers. Read the 'Art of War': https://sites.google.com/site/nodakwc/gun-rights/improvised-lethal-weapons

But many prefer Liberty, and will sacrifice themselves rather than becoming a Slave with no Rights.

From the 'Art of War' by Sun Tzu:

"All warfare is based on deception."

The 'Art of War' uses women against the foe:

"[Chia Lin enumerates several ways of inflicting this injury, some of which would only occur to the Oriental mind:

--"Entice away the enemy's best and wisest men, so that he may be left without counselors.

Introduce traitors into his country, that the government policy may be rendered futile.

Foment intrigue and deceit, and thus sow dissension between the ruler and his ministers.

By means of every artful contrivance, cause deterioration amongst his men and waste of his treasure.

Corrupt his morals by insidious gifts leading him into excess.

Disturb and unsettle his mind by presenting him with lovely women."

Chang Yu (after Wang Hsi) makes a different interpretation of Sun Tzu here:

"Get the enemy into a position where he must suffer injury, and he will submit of his own accord."]"

Laws such as Violence Against Women Act (VAWA) are such deceptive acts being used by the domestic enemies in Government and Law Enforcement against the American citizens to disarm America so we have know way to fight these domestic enemies. Using women against the American citizens is just one way the enemy uses the Art of War. Making laws that ban certain individuals so that Innocent citizens become Falsely Convicted to be banned from firearms is another such corrupt practice in Law and Government to disarm the Revolution against Government Tyranny. The domestic enemies in Law and Government are cunning, and deceptive so take heed the warning.

We the People must Unite today in any and every means possible to overthrow the Domestic Enemies in our country including all Law Makers, Politicians, Court Systems, Law Enforcement, and every entity which violates the US Constitution as intended by the Original Founding Americans who declared Independence, and authore the Constitution and Bill of Rights.

All lovers of Freedom, Foreign and Domestic are friends to this cause, and are invited to join the Peoples Revolution against todays Tyrannical Government. To save America from the enemies who are attacking us from within we need You.

Join the Revolution!

Send your inquiries, and information to help in organizing units, or Lone Wolf activities to: NoDakWrongfullyConvicted@gmail.com

http://patriotpost.us/quotes

Samuel Adams

Rights of the Colonists — 1772

Category: Rights

If men through fear, fraud or mistake, should in terms renounce and give up any essential natural right, the eternal law of reason and the great end of society, would absolutely vacate such renunciation; the right to freedom being the gift of God Almighty, it is not in the power of Man to alienate this gift, and voluntarily become a slave.

Thomas Jefferson

Rights of British America — 1774

Category: Rights

That these are our grievances which we have thus laid before his majesty, with that freedom of language and sentiment which becomes a free people claiming their rights as derived from the laws of nature, and not as the gift of their chief magistrate.

Thomas Jefferson

Rights of British America — 1774

Category: Rights

A free people [claim] their rights as derived from the laws of nature, and not as the gift of their chief magistrate.

James Madison

National Gazette Essay — 1792

Category: Rights

As a man is said to have a right to his property, he may be equally said to have a property in his rights. Where an excess of power prevails, property of no sort is duly respected. No man is safe in his opinions, his person, his faculties, or his possessions.

James Wilson

Lectures on Law — 1791

Category: Rights

Government, in my humble opinion, should be formed to secure and to enlarge the exercise of the natural rights of its members; and every government, which has not this in view, as its principal object, is not a government of the legitimate kind.

***

Candidus

in the Boston Gazette — 1772

Category: Law

[I]f the public are bound to yield obedience to laws to which they cannot give their approbation, they are slaves to those who make such laws and enforce them.

Benjamin Franklin

Emblematical Representations — 1774

Category: Law

The ordaining of laws in favor of one part of the nation, to the prejudice and oppression of another, is certainly the most erroneous and mistaken policy. An equal dispensation of protection, rights, privileges, and advantages, is what every part is entitled to, and ought to enjoy.

Thomas Jefferson

Notes on the state of Virginia — 1782

Category: Law

We lay it down as a fundamental, that laws, to be just, must give a reciprocation of right; that, without this, they are mere arbitrary rules of conduct, founded in force, and not in conscience.

Thomas Jefferson

letter to William Johnson — 1823

Category: Law

Laws are made for men of ordinary understanding and should, therefore, be construed by the ordinary rules of common sense. Their meaning is not to be sought for in metaphysical subtleties which may make anything mean everything or nothing at pleasure.

James Wilson

Of the Study of the Law in the United States — 1790

Category: Law

Without liberty, law loses its nature and its name, and becomes oppression. Without law, liberty also loses its nature and its name, and becomes licentiousness.

***

Alexander Hamilton

Federalist No. 33 — 1788

Category: Tyranny

If the federal government should overpass the just bounds of its authority and make a tyrannical use of its powers, the people, whose creature it is, must appeal to the standard they have formed, and take such measures to redress the injury done to the Constitution as the exigency may suggest and prudence justify.

Alexander Hamilton

Federalist No. 1 — 1787

Category: Tyranny

Of those men who have overturned the liberties of republics, the greatest number have begun their career by paying an obsequious court to the people, commencing demagogues and ending tyrants.

Thomas Paine

American Crisis, No. 1 — 1776

Category: Tyranny

Tyranny, like hell, is not easily conquered; yet we have this consolation with us, that the harder the conflict, the more glorious the triumph.

Joseph Warren

American account of the Battle of Lexington — 1775

Category: Tyranny

Nevertheless, to the persecution and tyranny of his cruel ministry we will not tamely submit - appealing to Heaven for the justice of our cause, we determine to die or be free....

Mercy Warren

History of the Rise, Progress, and Termination of the American Revolution — 1805

Category: Tyranny

It is necessary for every American, with becoming energy to endeavor to stop the dissemination of principles evidently destructive of the cause for which they have bled. It must be the combined virtue of the rulers and of the people to do this, and to rescue and save their civil and religious rights from the outstretched arm of tyranny, which may appear under any mode or form of government.

***

Alexander Hamilton

speech to the Ratifying Convention of New York — 1788

Category: The People

It is an unquestionable truth, that the body of the people in every country desire sincerely its prosperity. But it is equally unquestionable that they do not possess the discernment and stability necessary for systematic government. To deny that they are frequently led into the grossest of errors, by misinformation and passion, would be a flattery which their own good sense must despise.

John Jay

Federalist No. 2 — 1787

Category: The People

To all general purposes we have uniformly been one people each individual citizen everywhere enjoying the same national rights, privileges, and protection.

Thomas Jefferson

letter to William Charles Jarvis — 1820

Category: The People

I know no safe depository of the ultimate powers of the society but the people themselves; and if we think them not enlightened enough to exercise their control with a wholesome discretion, the remedy is not to take it from them, but to inform their discretion by education. This is the true corrective of abuses of constitutional power.

***

James Madison

esssay in the National Gazette — 1792

Category: Power

Where an excess of power prevails, property of no sort is duly respected. No man is safe in his opinions, his person, his faculties, or his possessions.

James Madison

Federalist No. 48 — 1788

Category: Power

It will not be denied that power is of an encroaching nature and that it ought to be effectually restrained from passing the limits assigned to it. After discriminating, therefore, in theory, the several classes of power, as they may in their nature be legislative, executive, or judiciary, the next and most difficult task is to provide some practical security for each, against the invasion of the others.

James Madison

letter to Thomas Jefferson — 1788

Category: Power

Wherever the real power in a Government lies, there is the danger of oppression.

George Washington

Farewell Address — 1796

Category: Power

The spirit of encroachment tends to consolidate the powers of all the departments in one, and thus to create whatever the form of government, a real despotism. A just estimate of that love of power, and proneness to abuse it, which predominates in the human heart is sufficient to satisfy us of the truth of this position.

George Washington

Circular to the States — 1753

Category: Power

Arbitrary power is most easily established on the ruins of liberty abused to licentiousness.

***

Thomas Jefferson

First Inaugural Address — 1801

Category: Justice

[I]t is proper you should understand what I deem the essential principles of our Government.... Equal and exact justice to all men, of whatever persuasion, religious or political....

Thomas Jefferson

Note in Destutt de Tracy — 1816

Category: Justice

The most sacred of the duties of a government [is] to do equal and impartial justice to all citizens.

***

Alexander Hamilton

Alexander Hamilton — 1788