GREEN HOUSE EFFECT, GLOBAL WARMING AND OZONE DEPLETION

WHAT IS GREEN HOUSE

A GREEN HOUSE IS A HOUSE MADE OF GLASS OR TRANSPARENT MATERIAL,IT IS USED IN COLD COUNTRIES FOR AGRICULTURAL CULTIVATION.IT ALLOWS SUNLIGHT TO ENTER THE HOUSE AND WARM INSIDE ALSO PREVENT HEAT LOSS BY REFLECTING THE ENERGY BACK IN TO THE HOUSE AND MAINTAIN COMFORTABLE WARM ATMOSPHERE INSIDE THE HOUSE

WHAT IS GREEN HOUSE EFFECT

OUR ATMOSPHERE ALSO ACT AS A GREEN HOUSE TO KEEP THE EARTH WARM,THE EARTH IS WRAPPED BY A BLANKET OF AIR CALLED ATMOSPHERE WHICH IS MADE OF SEVERAL LAYERS OF GASES. THE GASES IN THE ATMOSPHERE ALLOWS SUN LIGHT TO THE EARTH SURFACE,BUT THEY TRAP THE HEAT BY REFLECTS BACK. THIS IS CALLED GREEN HOUSE EFFECT AND IT KEEPS THE EARTH WARM ENOUGH TO SUSTAIN LIFE,THE AVERAGE TEMPERATURE MAINTAIN BY THE GREEN HOUSE EFFECT IS 15°C WITHOUT THE GREEN HOUSE EFFECT IT MAY DROP AS -18°C. THE GREEN HOUSE EFFECT IS NATURAL WARMING PROCESS OF EARTHS

GREEN HOUSE GASES

WATER VAPOUR,CARBON DI OXIDE,METHANE,NITROUS OXIDE,FLUORINATED GASES AND OZONE

GLOBAL WARMING

THE GLOBAL WARMING IS CAUSED BY THE EMISSION OF MAN MADE GREEN HOUSE GASES.WHICH INCREASES THE THICKNESS OF NATURAL GREEN HOUSE GASES LAYER THAT PREVENTS OUTGOING RADIATION OF THE SUN LIGHT. THIS RESULTS EXCESSIVE HEATING UP OF EARTH AND CAUSES THE PHENOMENON OF GLOBAL WARMING. HIGHER CONCENTRATION OF CARBON DI OXIDE AND OTHER GREEN HOUSE GASES TRAP MORE INFRA RED ENERGY IN ATMOSPHERE THAN WHAT OCCURS NATURALLY

EFFECTS OF GLOBAL WARMING

1.INCREASE IN AVERAGE TEMPERATURE

2.MELTING POLAR ICE AND RISING SEA LEVEL

3.AGRICULTURE

4.ECOSYSTEM

ACID RAIN

ACID RAIN CAUSED BY THE BURNING OF FOSSIL FUEL,OIL AND COAL,WHICH RELEASES SULPHOR DI OXIDE AND NITROGEN OXIDES IN TO THE ATMOSPHERE,THESE GASES RISE TO THE ATMOSPHERE AND MIX WITH CLOUDS, THE CLOUDS ABSORB THIS AND THIS GASES REACT WITH WATER OXYGEN AND OTHER CHEMICALS TO FORM VARIOUS ACIDIC COMPOUNDS, THE CLOUD PROVIDES RAIN IT FALL WITH HIGHER THAN THE NORMAL LEVEL OF ACIDITY (LESS THAN 5.6 PH) THIS IS CALLED ACID RAIN

EFFECTS

1.IT CAUSES HEALTH PROBLEMS IN PEOPLE

2.IT HARMS LAKES,RIVER AND STREAMS BECOME ACIDIC

3.IT DAMAGES SOIL AND THE TREE ROOTS,WHEN SOIL IS ACIDIC TREE ROOTS ARE DAMAGED

4. IT DAMAGES BUILDING AND OBJECTS

OZONE

OZONE IS A NATURAL GAS MADE UP OF THREE OXYGEN ATOMS(o3) THAT IS FOUND IN TWO DIFFERENT LAYERS OF THE ATMOSPHERE IN THE LAYER AROUND THE EARTH SURFACE ON STRATOSPHERE,OZONE PROTECTS EARTH FROM THE SUNS ULTRA VIOLET (U.V.) RADIATION

OZONE DEPLETION

DESTRUCTION OF THE STRATOSPHERIC OZONE LAYER IS CALLED OZONE DEPLETION.THE DESTRUCTION OF OZONE IS CAUSED BY THE BREAK DOWN OF CERTAIN CHLORINE OR BROMINE CONTAINING COMPOUNDS (CHLOROFLUOROCARBONS OR HALONS) WHICH BREAKDOWN WHEN THEY REACH THE STRATOSPHERE AND THEY CATALYTICALLY DESTROY OZONE MOLECULES

OZONE IS FORMED IN THE STRATOSPHERE WHEN OXYGEN MOLECULES PHOTO DISSOCIATE AFTER ABSORBING AN ULTRAVIOLET RAYS. THIS CONVERTS A SINGLE O2 INTO TWO ATOMIC OXYGEN RADICALS. THE ATOMIC OXYGEN RADICALS THEN COMBINE WITH SEPARATE O2 MOLECULES TO CREATE TWO O3MOLECULES.THIS OZONE MOLECULES ABSORBS U.V.RAYS AND AGAIN SAME PROCESS IS CONTINUING

WHEN C.F.C.REACH THE UPPER ATMOSPHERE THEY ARE EXPOSED TO U.V.RAYS WHICH CAUSES THEM TO BREAKDOWN IN TO SUBSTANCES THAT INCLUDES CHLORINE.THE CHLORINE REACTS WITH OXYGEN ATOM IN OZONE AND RIPS APART THE OZONE MOLECULE.AS PER SCIENTISTS ONE ATOM OF CHLORINE CAN DESTROY MORE THAN 100000.OZONE MOLECULES

OZONE DEPLETING SUBSTANCES (ODS)

THE MAIN OZONE DEPLETING SUBSTANCES ARE

1.CHLOROFLUOROCARBONS (CFCS)

a) USED AS REFRIGERANTS

b) FOUND IN INDUSTRIAL SOLVENTS, DRY-CLEANING AGENTS

c) ALSO USED IN FOAM PRODUCT

d) USED IN AEROSOL

2. HALONS

a)USED AS FIRE EXTINGUISHING AGENTS

3. METHYL CHLOROFORM

a)USED AS INDUSTRIAL DE GREASING AGENTS,ADHESIVE AND CHEMICAL PROCESSING

4. CARBON TETRACHLORIDE

a) USED AS SOLVENTS AND CARBON REMOVER

5. HYDROFLUOROCARBONS (HCFCS)

a) TRANSITIONAL SUBSTITUTE OF CFC, USED AS REFRIGERANT

6.METHYL BROMIDE

a) AGRICULTURAL FUMIGANT

EFFECTS OF OZONE DEPLETION

1.EFFECT TO HUMAN HEALTH,U.V.EXPOSURE RESULTS SKIN CANCERS,EFFECTS HUMAN IMMUNOLOGY SYSTEM

2.EFFECT IN AGRICULTURE,REDUCED GROWTH OF CROPS

3.EFFECTS TO MARINE LIFE,LOSS OF PLANKTON WILL BE EFFECT MARINE ECOLOGY

4. EFFECTS ON ANIMALS,U.V.EXPOSURE CAUSES EYE AND SKIN CANCER OF ANIMALS

5.WOOD.PLASTIC.RUBBER AND MANY CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS DEGRADED BY U.V.