Research
Renal Problems
Source #1: for Pretest 1 and Posttest1
Source:
Pretest Preventive Medicine and Community Health, 1995
# 5 and 96
Pretest Behavioral Science, 1996
8
RJ 5
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15 Questions
Blueprint:
Pretest1 Posttest1
Renal Problems Related Questions 2
Generic Questions 13
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15
Renal Problems
Pretest
Research Questions
Renal Problems Related Reseach Questions
1. An investigator wishes to perform a randomized clinical trial to evaluate a new beta blocker as a treatment for hypertension. To be eligible for the study, subjects must have a resting diastolic blood pressure of at least 90 mmHg. One hundred patients seen at the screening clinic with this level of hypertension are recruited for the study and make appointments with the study nurse. When the nurse obtains their blood pressure 2 weeks later, only 65 of them have diastolic blood pressure of 90 mmHg or more. The most likely explanation for this is
B
A. spontaneous resolution
B. regression toward the mean
C. baseline drift
D. measurement error
E. Hawthorne effect
2. Identify the statistical error in the following scenario:
The frequencies of infection of the urinary tract are compared in 24 children treated with intermittent catheterization and 9 children treated with urinary diversion. In the catheterization group, 85/231 urine cultures were positive, compared with 34/55 in the diversion group. The difference between these two proportions was statistically significant (x2=11.4 degree of freedom=1.0, p<0.001)
B
A. Observations are not independent
B. Variable is not normally distributed
C. Unequal group sizes or unequal variances exist
D. Degree of freedom are insufficient
E. None of the above
Generic Research Questions
3. In studying human development, the remeasurement of a cross-sectional sample of people after a given fixed interval of time has passed is called
B
A. time-lag design
B. sequential design
C. multivariate design
D. cross-sectional design
E. longitudinal design
4. If one is conducting research that requires comparisons of content and material gathered for certain patients by different interviewers, the best format to use would be one that is
B
A. projective
B. structured
C. unstructured
D. analytical
E. none of the above
5. Which of the following statements best describes the Likert technique of attitude measurement?
A
A. Subjects indicate on five-point scales the extent of their agreement with a set of attitude
statements
B. Subjects indicate whether they agree with each of a series of attitude statements, which are
equally spaced along an attitude continuum
C. Subjects’ responses to any open-ended interview are coded by content analysis
D. Subjects judge a particular concept on a series of bipolar semantic scales
E. Subjects check all acceptable items in a set of statements arranged in order of “difficulty
of acceptance”
6. In research involving follow-up of patients in treatment, the greatest bias in the results is from
B
A. sampling error
B. attrition
C. incomplete questionnaire
D. lack of internal validity responses
E. lack of compliance
7. A statistical method for comparing categorical kinds of data is the
E
A. t-test
B. standard deviation
C. analysis of variance
D. correlation of coefficient
E. chi-square test
8. If in attempting to compare two treatment groups, your analysis rejects the null hypothesis, this means that
B
A. there is no difference between the two groups
B. there is a difference between the two groups
C. any differences between the two groups that do exist are not valid
D. your analysis does not have enough power to test your research hypothesis
E. your research hypothesis is rejected
9. All the following topics are characteristic material for descriptive study EXCEPT
D
A. treatment of 50 snakebite victims
B. cluster of cases of Kaposi’s sarcoma
C. prevalence of HIV in homeless men
D. comparison of two antianxiety drugs
E. behavioral science for medical students
10. In a meta-analysis, the included studies should have all the following EXCEPT
B
A. uniform diagnostic criteria
B. similar reliability checks
C. uniform clinical severity
D. similar therapy
E. similar measures of outcome
Questions 11 - 15
For each description below, choose the correct term.
A. t-test
B. standard deviation
C. analysis of variance
D. correlation of coefficient
E. chi-square test
11. Evaluates the strengths of linear relationships or association between two variables
D
12. Shows how much variability there is within a distribution
B
13. Compares the reliability of the difference between two means
A
14. Compares the means of three or more groups
C
15. Compares categorical kinds of data
E
ROJ@17nov6