John Scales Avery (theoretical chemist in quantum chemistry, thermodynamics, evolution, and history of science and notable for his peace activism associated with the Pugwash Conferences on Science ) (2017): “8.1 Climate change as genocide. Climate change does not affect all parts of the world equally. The harshest effects of the extreme weather that we are already experiencing are disproportionately felt by the poorest people of the world. In March, 2017. the Security Council was informed [1] that 20 million people in four countries, Nigeria, Somalia, South Sudan and Yemen, were in danger of dying unless provided with immediate help. The cost of the necessary aid was estimated to be $4.4 billion. The developed world’s response has been a shrug of indifference. By the midsummer. 2017 only a tenth of the amount needed had been raised. Conflicts and famine are interlinked. The struggle for food produces conflicts; and famine is often used as an instrument of war. Food aid, when available, is often deliberately blocked or destroyed by warring factions. Boko Haram in Nigeria, al-Shabaab in Somalia, assorted militias and the government in South Sudan, and Saudi-backed forces in Yemen all interfered with the delivery of aid supplies. In the future, the effects of rising temperatures and reduced rainfall will disproportionately affect poor farmers of Africa, the Middle East, South Asia, and Latin America. If the more affluent parts of the world continue to produce greenhouse gasses in a business-as-usual scenario, and if they continue to ignore calls for help from starving people, these actions will amount to genocide ([1] by Stephen O’Brian, UN Under Secretary General for Humanitarian Affair) (John Scales Avery, “The Climate Emergency: Two time scales”, 2017: http://www.fredsakademiet.dk/library/climate.pdf ).