Problem-Solving
Problem solving requires systematically applying a series of steps to arrive at a vetted, well-reasoned, evidence-based solution.*
Reflecting over Problem Solving
This reflection should focus not on the problem you solved and the solution that resulted, but on the steps you took to arrive at the best solution. Briefly describe the context(s) requiring you to apply these skills, but develop the essay around how you systematically applied the steps below. Explain how your application of these steps resulted in new findings or an optimal path that lead to the solution. Last, explain how you know your solution worked or is working. What impact does it have on addressing the problem or issue at hand? Tip: Don't be afraid to discuss the consequences of skipping a step or not applying a step fully. What happened or could have happened as a result? Doing so shows that you know the importance of applying a methodical approach to problem solving, over rushing to "fix" a problem.
Define the problem
___ Explain the problem-issue (e.g., terms, issues, scope, importance, implications)
___ Break down problem into components (e.g., causes and effects, symptoms, theoretical frameworks)
___ State the purpose of analysis
Gather information
___ Identify and collect reputable sources
___ Select methodology or research design most suitable for solving the problem
___ Synthesize in-depth information representing various points of view
Analyze findings
___ Group data according to logical and/or theoretical patterns
Propose Criteria
___ Identify and justify standards for judging options
Identify and evaluate options
___ Evaluate options according to criteria (e.g., history, logic, criteria, feasibility, pros and cons)
Select “best” option
___ Describe solution based on analysis of criteria and options
Recommend action
___ Describe plans for implementing solution, including resources, required resources, pros and cons
Evaluate outcomes
___ Describe plans to review results or recommendations
Additional critical thinking (reasoning) components†
___ Identifies an answerable and important research question
___ Articulates a broad, fair, and flexible point of view
___ Gathers fair, accurate, reliable, comprehensive data
___ Applies theories, concepts, axioms, principles accurately
___ Identifies justifiable, crucial, consistent assumptions
___Identifies the implications of their reasoning
___Draws sound, justifiable, consistent inferences
†Paul, R. and Elder, L. (June 1996). The Critical Thinking Community describes "Using Intellectual Standards to Assess Student Reasoning" at http://www.criticalthinking.org/pages/using-intellectual-standards-to-assess-student-reasoning/602.
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