Embedded Files
BGP Route Dampening
BGP route dampening is a feature to limit the propagation of flapping routes. BGP route dampening feature has three goals-
- a mechanism to reduce load on router processor caused by flapping routes
- increase route stability
- prevent sustained route oscillations
This feature can be configured as follows-
BGP Route Dampening Configuration
router bgp 100 bgp dampening half-life reuse-limit suppress-limit maximum-suppress-limit!Route dampening maintains a route-flap history for each prefix. The following parameters are used-
- History state: After a single route flap, the route is assigned a penalty, and the dampening state of the route is set to History. The default penalty for a route flap is 1000. Each time the route flaps, the penalty increases.
- Suppress limit: If the penalty exceeds the suppress limit, the route is Dampened. The state is changed from History to Damp. The default suppress limit is 2000. When the route is in Damp state, the router is not considered for best path selection and is not advertised to BGP peers.
- Half life: The penalty of a route is decreased based on the half-life period. The default half-life period is 15 minutes. The penalty on the route is reduced every 5 seconds.
- Reuse limit: When the penalty falls below the reuse limit, the route is unsuppressed. The default reuse limit is 750. When the penalty falls below half of reuse limit, the history of the route is cleared.
- Maximum suppress limit: It is the maximum amount of time a route can be suppressed for. The default maximum suppress limit is 60 minutes (or four times half-life period).
The BGP dampening feature affects only eBGP routes. Further, this feature operates on routes on a per-path basis. For instance, if a prefix has two paths, and one is dampened, the other prefix is still available and is advertised to BGP peers.
R2 and R3 routers are configured for BGP dampening with default values. Suppress limit = 2000, half-life period = 15 minutes, reuse-limit = 750 and maximum suppress-limit = 60 minutes.
R3 router adverises 1.1.1.1/32 prefix to R2 router via eBGP.
When 1.1.1.1/32 route flaps for the first time, its state is changed to History. Also, a penalty of 1000 is applied to the route 1.1.1.1/32. The debug ip bgp dampening command displays this information.
First flap
02:01:19.687: EvD: charge penalty 1000, new accum. penalty 1000, flap count 102:01:19.687: EvD: unsuppress item left in reuse timer array with penalty 100002:01:19.687: BGP(0): charge penalty for 1.1.1.1/32 path 300 with halflife-time 15 reuse/suppress 750/200002:01:19.687: BGP(0): flapped 1 times since 00:00:00. New penalty is 1000R2# show ip bgp dampening flap-statisticsBGP table version is 9, local router ID is 10.2.2.1Status codes: s suppressed, d damped, h history, * valid, > best, i - internal, r RIB-failure, S StaleOrigin codes: i - IGP, e - EGP, ? - incomplete Network From Flaps Duration Reuse Path h 1.1.1.1/32 10.2.2.2 1 00:34:34 300The penalty decreases with time if no further flaps are noticed.
Reducing penalty
02:01:49.567: EvD: accum. penalty 980, not suppressed02:02:15.931: EvD: accum. penalty decayed to 961 after 27 second(s)When the route suffers a second flap, the further penalty of 1000 is applied. However, since the accumulated penalty does not exceed maximum suppress limit (2000), the route is not dampened.
Second flap
02:02:45.599: EvD: accum. penalty decayed to 942 after 29 second(s)02:02:45.599: EvD: charge penalty 1000, new accum. penalty 1942, flap count 202:02:45.599: EvD: unsuppress item left in reuse timer array with penalty 194202:02:45.599: BGP(0): charge penalty for 1.1.1.1/32 path 300 with halflife-time 15 reuse/suppress 750/200002:02:45.603: BGP(0): flapped 2 times since 00:01:25. New penalty is 1942The show ip bgp dampening flap-statistics command shows BGP dampening flap-statistics for prefixes.
show ip bgp dampening flap-statistics
R2# show ip bgp dampening flap-statisticsBGP table version is 6, local router ID is 10.2.2.1Status codes: s suppressed, d damped, h history, * valid, > best, i - internal, r RIB-failure, S StaleOrigin codes: i - IGP, e - EGP, ? - incomplete Network From Flaps Duration Reuse Path*> 1.1.1.1/32 10.2.2.2 2 00:02:17 300Now when the route flaps the third time, a further penalty of 1000 is applied to the route. This time, the accumulated penalty exceeds the max suppress limit 2000 and hence the route is suppressed/ dampened and not advertised.
Third flap
02:04:31.463: BGP(0): suppress 1.1.1.1/32 path 300 for 00:28:10 (penalty 2766)02:04:31.463: halflife-time 15, reuse/suppress 750/200002:04:31.463: EvD: accum. penalty 2766, now suppressed with a reuse intervals of 169The show ip bgp dampening dampened-paths command shows the routes currently dampened. The 'd' at the start of the prefix indicates the route is dampened.
show ip bgp dampening dampened-paths
R2# show ip bgp dampening flap-statisticsBGP table version is 7, local router ID is 10.2.2.1Status codes: s suppressed, d damped, h history, * valid, > best, i - internal, r RIB-failure, S StaleOrigin codes: i - IGP, e - EGP, ? - incomplete Network From Flaps Duration Reuse Path*d 1.1.1.1/32 10.2.2.2 3 00:06:36 00:02:59 300R2# show ip bgp dampening dampened-pathsBGP table version is 7, local router ID is 10.2.2.1Status codes: s suppressed, d damped, h history, * valid, > best, i - internal, r RIB-failure, S StaleOrigin codes: i - IGP, e - EGP, ? - incomplete Network From Reuse Path*d 1.1.1.1/32 10.2.2.2 00:06:19 300 iWhen the penalty falls below the reuse-limit 750, the route is unsuppressed and advertised again.
Unsuppressed route
02:32:53.147: EvD: accum. penalty decayed to 756 after 12 second(s)02:32:53.147: EvD: accum. penalty 756, now unsuppressed02:32:53.151: BGP(0): Unsuppressed 1.1.1.1/32, path 300R2# show ip bgp dampening flap-statisticsBGP table version is 8, local router ID is 10.2.2.1Status codes: s suppressed, d damped, h history, * valid, > best, i - internal, r RIB-failure, S StaleOrigin codes: i - IGP, e - EGP, ? - incomplete Network From Flaps Duration Reuse Path*> 1.1.1.1/32 10.2.2.2 3 00:31:59 300Page updated
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