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BGP Outbound Route Filtering
Generally, a BGP speaker filters out unwanted routes from its peers based on its local routing policy. Since some resources are consumed when a BGP sender generates and transmits routing updates, as well as when the receiver processes these updates, it can be useful if the generation of these routing updates be avoided in the first place.
RFC 5291 discusses BGP Outbound Route Filtering (ORF). An ORF entry is a tuple of the form <AFI/SAFI, ORF-Type, Action, Match, ORF-Value>.
The AFI/ SAFI focuses on only those routes whose NLRI matches the AFI/ SAFI of the ORF.
The ORF-Type determines the component of the ORF-Value.
The Action can be one of ADD, REMOVE and REMOVE-ALL. ADD (value 0) adds the ORF entry to the ORF on the remote-peer; REMOVE (value 1) deletes a previously installed ORF entry on the remote-peer; and REMOVE-ALL (value 2) deletes all previously installed ORF entries on the remote-peer.
The Match can be either PERMIT (value 0) or DENY (value 1). PERMIT asks the remote-peer to send updates for the set of routes that match the ORF entry. DENY asks the remote-peer not to send updates for the set of routes that match the ORF entry.
Outbound Route Filtering Capability
A BGP speaker that is willing to receive (value 1) ORF entries from its peer(s), or a BGP speaker that is willing to send (value 2) or both (value 3) ORF entries to its peer(s), advertises this using ORF Capability. The ORF Capability is a BGP Capability defined as follows-
Capability code: 3 (as per RFC), Cisco uses 130
Capability length: variable
Capability value: one or more of the ORF entries which carries AFI/SAFI, number of ORFs, ORF-Type and Send/ Receive.
Carrying ORF entries in BGP
ORF entries are carried in the BGP Route Refresh message. A single Route Refresh message can carry multiple ORF entries or more ORFs, as long as the entries share the same AFI/ SAFI.
Operation
R1 router only wish to receive prefix 1.1.1.1/32 and 2.2.2.2/32 from R2 router. The ORF configuration is as follows on both routers-
ORF Configuration
R1 router:router bgp 100 neighbor 10.1.1.2 remote-as 200 neighbor 10.1.1.2 capability orf prefix-list send neighbor 10.1.1.2 prefix-list 10 in!ip prefix-list 10 seq 5 permit 1.1.1.1/32ip prefix-list 10 seq 10 permit 2.2.2.2/32!R2 router:router bgp 200 neighbor 10.1.1.1 remote-as 100 neighbor 10.1.1.1 capability orf prefix-list receive!R1 router is willing to send ORF entries to R2 router while R2 router is willing to receive ORF entries. They both advertise ORF Capability during session setup.
R2 receives ORF Capability from R1
03:50:21.949: BGP: 10.1.1.1 OPEN has CAPABILITY code: 130, length 703:50:21.949: BGP: 10.1.1.1 OPEN has ORF CAP for afi/safi: 1/103:50:21.953: BGP: 10.1.1.1 OPEN has Prefixlist ORF capability as SEND for afi/safi: 1/1The following packet capture shows BGP OPEN message carrying ORF Capability received by R2 from R1 router.
It shows that R1 router has sent ORF capability of Type Prefix-list. The show ip bgp neighbor 10.1.1.1 received prefix-filter command shows the prefix-list that R1 has sent to R2 router.
show ip bgp neighbor 10.1.1.1 received prefix-filter
R2# show ip bgp neighbor 10.1.1.1 received prefix-filterAddress family: IPv4 Unicastip prefix-list 10.1.1.1: 2 entries seq 5 permit 1.1.1.1/32 seq 10 permit 2.2.2.2/32The following packet capture shows the actual ORF-entry sent by R1 router encoded in a BGP Route Refresh message.
The show ip bgp neighbor command shows all the capabilities as negotiated with the neighbors.
show ip bgp neighbor
R2# show ip bgp neighborBGP neighbor is 10.1.1.1, remote AS 100, external link BGP version 4, remote router ID 10.1.1.1 BGP state = Established, up for 00:10:15 Last read 00:00:15, last write 00:00:15, hold time is 180, keepalive intervalis 60 seconds Neighbor capabilities: Route refresh: advertised and received(old & new) Address family IPv4 Unicast: advertised and received Message statistics: InQ depth is 0 OutQ depth is 0 Sent Rcvd Opens: 2 2 Notifications: 0 0 Updates: 1 0 Keepalives: 13 13 Route Refresh: 0 1 Total: 16 16 Default minimum time between advertisement runs is 30 seconds For address family: IPv4 Unicast BGP table version 5, neighbor version 5/0 Output queue size : 0 Index 1, Offset 0, Mask 0x2 1 update-group member AF-dependant capabilities: Outbound Route Filter (ORF) type (128) Prefix-list: Send-mode: received Receive-mode: advertised Outbound Route Filter (ORF): received (2 entries) Sent Rcvd Prefix activity: ---- ---- Prefixes Current: 2 0 Prefixes Total: 2 0 Implicit Withdraw: 0 0 Explicit Withdraw: 0 0 Used as bestpath: n/a 0 Used as multipath: n/a 0 Outbound Inbound Local Policy Denied Prefixes: -------- ------- ORF prefix-list: 1 n/a Total: 1 0 Number of NLRIs in the update sent: max 2, min 2!---output ommittedR2 router has 3 prefixes in its BGP table.
R2 BGP table
R2# show ip bgpBGP table version is 4, local router ID is 3.3.3.3Status codes: s suppressed, d damped, h history, * valid, > best, i - internal, r RIB-failure, S StaleOrigin codes: i - IGP, e - EGP, ? - incomplete Network Next Hop Metric LocPrf Weight Path*> 1.1.1.1/32 0.0.0.0 0 32768 i*> 2.2.2.2/32 0.0.0.0 0 32768 i*> 3.3.3.3/32 0.0.0.0 0 32768 iHowever, R1 only receives 2 prefixes that it requested through ORF.
R1 BGP table
R1# show ip bgpBGP table version is 3, local router ID is 10.1.1.1Status codes: s suppressed, d damped, h history, * valid, > best, i - internal, r RIB-failure, S StaleOrigin codes: i - IGP, e - EGP, ? - incomplete Network Next Hop Metric LocPrf Weight Path*> 1.1.1.1/32 10.1.1.2 0 0 200 i*> 2.2.2.2/32 10.1.1.2 0 0 200 iR1 would not like 2.2.2.2/32
R1 changes its configuration to allow only 1.1.1.1/32 prefix from R2 router. It advertises this change using ORF. The clear ip bgp 10.1.1.2 in prefix-filter command initiates an inbound soft-reset to clear a BGP ORF.
R2 to not advertise 2.2.2.2/32 to R1
R1 router:no ip prefix-list 10 seq 10 permit 2.2.2.2/32!clear ip bgp 10.1.1.2 in prefix-filterOnce the ORF is cleared, R1 router sends 2 BGP Route Refresh messages (Type 5) to R2 router to notify the changes. The first RR message is REMOVE-ALL to remove all previously installed ORF entries. The second RR message is ADD to add the newly configured ORF entry.
R2 router sends an UPDATE message for 2.2.2.2/32 as Unreachable to R1router and sends an UPDATE message for 1.1.1.1/32 prefix.
BGP RR messages
R1#01:00:53.403: BGP: 10.1.1.2 send message type 5, length (incl. header) 2801:00:53.403: BGP: 10.1.1.2 send message type 5, length (incl. header) 39R2#01:00:52.923: BGP(0): 10.1.1.1 send unreachable 2.2.2.2/3201:00:52.923: BGP(0): 10.1.1.1 send UPDATE 2.2.2.2/32 -- unreachable01:00:52.927: BGP(0): 10.1.1.1 send UPDATE (format) 1.1.1.1/32, next 10.1.1.2, metric 0, path LocalThe following packet capture shows two RR messages sent by R1 router.
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