Pollinator's Paradise
Meet the Team
Laura Andres
Laura is a Junior majoring in Psychology and minoring in Applied Statistics and Environmental Sustainability
Sarah Corder
Sarah is a Senior studying Psychology, Aging and Adult Life, and Environmental Sustainability
Jacob DeBoer
Jacob is a Junior studying Environmental Sustainability and Mechanical Engineering
Megan Oleszkowicz
Megan is a Senior studying Environmental Sustainability and Health
Introduction
Our team was tasked with designing a pollinator habitat that could be implemented at GVSU or in the surrounding communities. The goals are to attract pollinators and support wildlife diversity, educate the public, and inspire environmental change within the community. After an understanding has been established of the pollinator's importance, action needs to be taken place to make a difference.
We chose to focus on Benton Harbor for the location of our habitat, to benefit both pollinators and the local community. The idea is to take a recycling shipping container and give it new life, surrounding it with vegetation to support pollinators such as the Monarch Butterfly, while including informative resources regarding the importance of pollinators to the community.
Background Information
Key Features
Shipping container aka Pollinator hotel
allows us to repurpose and reuse something
something to center our habitat around
home for pollinators during cold season
Butterfly habitat
though we are interested in creating a space that caters to multiple pollinators
can achieve this by planting many native plants that work well together and appeal to multiple pollinators
Solar Panels
allow lighting inside the container and around the habitat
allow us to explore winterizing the shipping container to possibly preserve pollinators or plants inside during the colder months
Education/Awareness
goal is to educate the public and raise awareness about pollinators and their habitats
possible educational signage within the habitat
involve local schools or other groups
make parts of the habitat interactive
Why Pollinators Are Important
pollinators are a crucial part of the ecosystem - almost 80% of crops need help from pollinators!
pollinator help usually results in healthier, more abundant crops
without pollinators, we would lose between a third and half of all fruits, vegetables, and related products, and those left would likely be of lesser quality
pollinators support flowering plants that are important for other things like different animals, soil erosion prevention, water purification, and carbon sequestration
pollinators are also responsible for many of the flowering plants that simply bring beauty to our environment - and the pollinators themselves can be beautiful!
pollinators have been declining in the last several decades due to things like habitat loss, human pesticide usage, large scale agriculture, and disease
studies show that beekeepers lost about 45% of their colonies between April 2020 and April 2021
other pollinators are also endangered, including the Monarch Butterfly which we have given some specific focus to
Stakeholders
Michael Hinkle
Michael is a Grand Valley State University Alumni, and is the current farm manager and educator at the Sustainability Agriculture Project.
Linda Davis
Linda is a Certified Crop Advisor in the state of Michigan. She has worked for the Wilber-Ellis Company for seventeen years, assessing crop fields in order to give quality agricultural recommendations. On average, she works with about twenty growers per season.
Brooke Newell
Brooke is a Manager at Countryside Greenhouse in Allendale, Michigan. She is responsible for overseeing staff and planting operations there.
Michael Hinkle
Micheal emphasizes diversity. Crop and cultivar diversity, and supporting and incorporating biodiversity is key.
Michael also suggests that our group investigates species interactions. Do specific pollinators have a positive correlation with native pollinator diversity? What types of pollinators and vegetation are going to best boost diversity?
Linda Davis
Linda suggests a Monarch Butterfly urban pollinator habitat would most likely benefit predator insects. Unfortunately, the one beetle species and one dragonfly species endangered in Michigan are not located in our targeted area, so they would not benefit from this habitat. However, other predator insect populations would benefit from this greenspace.
According to Linda, farmers do not like milkweed plants, however, they can potentially be reimbursed for its conservation. An urban habitat might better fit Monarchs, because milkweed plants may be more welcomed in that setting over a rural one.
Brooke Newell
Brooke suggests that we incorporate perennials in our habitat. Specifically for butterfly pollinators, she recommends herbs like catnip, chives, dill, lavender, marjoram, mint, oregano, fennel, and thyme. She mentioned that it is important to consider that any perennials that are incorporated must go through a dormancy period during the winter time. She also highlighted that annuals and herbs can be kept throughout the winter however the issue access to pollinators since most of them hibernation or migrate to other regions.
Brooke highlighted the importance of factoring in aspects such as water, fertilizer, soil, tools for plant maintenance, containers, and water waste. She expressed that at Countryside they manage water by allowing the excess, that isn't used by their plant material, to drain into a special gutter system that goes into a pond to be reused once its filtered. She also suggested that we use Neem Oil to combat disease and predatory insects as it addresses both fungal and common preditory inscets.
Brainstorming
Our team came up with a variety of ideas, locations, and aspects that could be implemented into our design. How did we want to go about this project? Some thoughts that came to mind included incorporating an audio guide or having an activity station. Running a farm stand also came up as a suggestion, as well as using solar or hydraulic power. The out of the box idea of renovating a shipping container took a foothold quickly, and the rest of the our idea began to take shape around that.
Our Vision
Shipping Container Habitat
The key feature included in this project is a renovated shipping container. Utilizing a used shipping container allows us the opportunity to repurpose and reuse something and also gives us something to center our habitat around. There are two purposes for the container dependent on what time of year it is. During spring and summer months the container will be opened up to the public emphasizing the educational aspects of our project. Come winter time, it will be winterized in order to serve as a pollinator hotel during colder months in hopes that it could maximize survival.
Area of Interest: Benton Harbor, MI
Potential Site #1
Our first potential site is 126 W Well St. Benton Harbor MI 49022. According to Google Earth, this site has not been developed on. It is currently used for miscellaneous commercial services. The size of the plot is 1.86 acres, enough to comfortably fit a butterfly house, perennial garden, educational aspects, and other future applications to this project.
Here is our potential site location, in regards to the spatial development around it. As you can see, Mildred C. Wells Academy (K-8) is fairly close to this site location. The Arts District of Benton Harbor is somewhat within walking distance, as well as the Benton Harbor Public Library and the green space neighboring it, City Center Park. City Center Park regularly has farmer's markets open to the public, and a plethora of events are common to the Art's District as well. The location of this site is optimal for community involvement.
Potential Site #2
Our second potential site is Thayer Park, which lies in the northwest side of the Art's District, in front of Thayer Products Inc. Owned by Thayer Product's Inc., this park provides not only shade, flowers, and greenspace, but also provides benches and other seating to visitors. This site is much more "user-friendly" than our first potential site, by which we mean it already has established design (i.e. benches and perennial flowers), but it has its limitations relative to our first potential site. Not only is it small in size, but it also is tucked away in the Art's District, which is located opposite of Benton Harbor's largest suburbs. This prevents our habitat from being more accessible to the people who need greenspace the most.
Educational Aspect
Our goal for putting our pollinator habitat in Benton Harbor, Michigan, is that it could be integrated into Benton Harbor schools' curriculums in some way or another. According to The New York Times, Benton Harbor was once a hub for the manufacturing industry, with a booming economy (Smith, 2019). Now the city has become so accustomed to a variety of inter-related struggles: racism, shrinking population, civil unrest, inadequate test scores, a clean water crisis, economic despair, and mass poverty rates (Smith, 2019). Particularly, the school system is in $18.4 million dollars in debt, and governors have stripped city-level officials, like Mayor Marcus Muhammad and the Benton Harbor school board, of their power in this district, in an attempt to push city officials to close Benton Harbor High School in order to "save the district (Smith, 2019). Mayor Muhammad calls this "The Godfather Proposal", a poisonous deal irrefutably framed to the community (Smith, 2019). In a city that is majority African American, it is no surprise that the problems within the communities are ignored, like so many other cities across Michigan with a predominantly African American population. We must stop ignoring the problems in these communities, and invest in them, instead of continuing the pattern of disinvesting in communities of color.
Mayor Marcus Muhammad, who is also the Boys' Basketball Head Coach at Benton Harbor High School, answering questions on a recent game (February 2nd, 2019)
Mildred C. Wells Academy
Although Mildred C. Wells Academy is not a part of Benton Harbor School District, but it is so close to our potential sites, that it would be unnecessary to exclude this school.
Within walking distance, the start and end of the school year could be welcomed by trips to our pollinator habitat, where children could learn about Monarch Butterflies, their role in pollination, sustainable development, as well as learn about the importance of biodiversity in landscapes. Mildred C. Wells Academy prides itself on capturing their students' "unique potential" to its fullest ability, and we hope that this habitat could be a resource for their students' academic journey.
“Mildred C. Wells Academy is a team of dedicated professionals working to raise the bar in public education. By continually challenging ourselves, we strive for continuous improvement toward a common goal: to assure every student achieves to his or her own unique potential.”
-Mildred C. AcademyBenton Harbor School District
As of the 2019-2020 school year, Benton Harbor School District has 1,766 total students (NCES). The schools in this district are Discovery Enrichment Center, Martin Luther King Jr. Elementary School, Fair Plain East Elementary School, Fair Plain Middle School, Benton Harbor High School, and CAPE Center.
All schools strictly K-8 would use this habitat resource similar to that described above with Mildred C. Wells Academy. Weather permitting, our butterfly house would exclusively welcome the children of Benton Harbor to learn and explore the relationship between Monarch butterflies and flowers.
Benton Harbor High School
Out of all of these public schools, Benton Harbor High School would have the most active role in this project. Similar to Grand Valley State University's Sustainable Agriculture Project (SAP), students at this grade level are perfectly capable of using critical thinking to design and plan their own projects for this greenspace. As a function of an after-school activity or a class itself (however class curriculum is limited in Benton Harbor High School), students should be able to use this hypothetically large greenspace (1.86 acres) to explore their own education in sustainability. Benton Harbor students have a wide array of talents, as noted from the pictures to the right. They are extremely passionate to be Tigers. As of this year, their boys basketball team won their first regional title since 2018 (Skol, 2021). This school also has a beloved marching band that appears at competitions and in the Blossomtime Parade every year. Notably, they also have a robotics team. From the facets that they have, it is easy to tell that they use what little resources are given to them to their fullest extent.
Inspiring Football Coach and Team Get Epic Surprise
Additional Programs: Benton Harbor's Boys & Girls Club
Financing
This table provides a rough estimate of start-up costs for our project. This budget is not firm as many of the costs can be mitigated if you were to DIY many of the features. The price could also be mitigated via donations and volunteer work. Prices of plants may vary depending on where they are purchased from and what time of year.
One additional variable cost would be the lot where the project would be placed.
Why is this Project Important?
To one interpretation, the Monarch Butterfly represents transformation and rebirth.
The orange wings of this butterfly compliment one of the hallmark, and sometimes forgotten, artistic statues you will see across the Saint Joseph and Benton Harbor area. The "I Am The Greatest" project comes from a mantra by Muhammad Ali, who has ties to southwest Michigan. The design is by John Sauvé, who designed this piece to show the greatness of this area, and inspire other young artists to create works of art themselves ("Sponsor", n.d.).
Many people would deem a Monarch to have "aesthetic" value. It is not pictured as the persevering average worker bee that is essential to crop production as we know it. But like the aesthetic value of art itself, it brings people together, to create a community and better environment for every living thing. A habitat is good for Monarchs and other insects themselves, but its even better for the people who get to enjoy it.
“I am the greatest, I said that even before I knew I was.”
— Muhammad Ali“I think if you could get younger kids involved, and keep them involved in something, that would be a good thing. And like you said, what’s not to like about butterflies?”
-Linda DavisThis project is also important not only because of how it will help pollinators like the Monarch Butterfly, but because of another way it could help the surrounding community. As we have discussed, this project could become a valuable partner of Benton Harbor Schools, but it also mirrors other similar campaigns in cities like Detroit and Saginaw. Many former Michigan industrial cities like these have suffered population declines in the last few decades, leaving many vacant areas. In addition to repurposing unused land, creating pollinator habitat or other green space in urban areas has actually been shown to decrease crime levels while increasing civic engagement and quality of life (Bach, 2019). This means a pollinator habitat like ours could benefit pollinators, kids in school and other educational programs, and the entire community of Benton Harbor.
Future Applications
This idea isn't limited to the constraints of its current design. An aspect that may be incorporated is the addition of solar panels to the roof of the shipping container. This would require more funding and add complexity to the design, but would open the door to providing sustainable and renewable energy.
This project is not limited to one location either, shipping container habitats can be incorporated in numerous locations where there is open, unused space to promote pollinators and environmental diversity.
Feedback
We would love to hear from you and know your thoughts or questions that you may have. Below is a form you can use to send us feedback! Leave your email if you would like us to get back to you.
References
126 W Wall St, Benton Harbor, MI 49022. (n.d.). Retrieved from
https://www.loopnet.com/property/126-w-wall-st-benton-harbor-mi-49022/26021- 115103400270021/
Bach, T. (2019, November 15). The not-so-secret gardens of saginaw - usnews.com. The Civic Report. Retrieved September 28, 2021, from https://www.usnews.com/news/cities/articles/2019-11-12/a-land-conservancy-in-saginaw-michigan-tackles-urban-blight.
Jr., M. S. (2021, April 1). Benton Harbor boys basketball wins first regional title since 2018. Retrieved from
https://www.wndu.com/2021/04/02/benton-harbor-boys-basketball-wins-first-regional-title-since-2018/
Search for Public School Districts - District Detail for Benton Harbor Area Schools. (n.d.). Retrieved from
https://nces.ed.gov/ccd/districtsearch/district_detail.asp?ID2=2604830
Smith, M. (2019, June 15). Michigan Officials Say a Struggling School Should Close. Residents See Racism. Retrieved from
https://www.nytimes.com/2019/06/15/us/benton-harbor-michigan-school.html
Sponsor an "I Am the Greatest" sculpture today! (n.d.). Retrieved from
http://arsartsandculture.org/artsculture/iatg.html
Woods, J. (2021, June 25). US beekeepers continue to report high colony loss rates, no clear progression toward improvement. Auburn University. Retrieved November 11, 2021, from
https://ocm.auburn.edu/newsroom/news_articles/2021/06/241121-honey-bee-annual-loss-survey-results.php.
Pictures Cited:
https://www.linkedin.com/in/linda-davis-120a486
https://www.google.com/maps/@42.1150041,-86.4564178,17.08z
https://earth.google.com/web/
https://www.linkedin.com/in/michael-hinkle-ii-1359301b6
https://www.detroitnews.com/story/sports/high-school/2018/03/24/class-final-scooby-wins-benton-harbor/33266017/
https://www.nytimes.com/2019/06/15/us/benton-harbor-michigan-school.html
https://www.heraldpalladium.com/news/virus-cancels-grand-floral-parade/article_2f86ff03-8091-5d75-b32b-5089c1a5693f.html
https://www.bhsunriserotary.org/stories/tech-tigers-robotics-win-chairman-s-award
https://www.heraldpalladium.com/localsports/q-a-marcus-muhammad/article_80848b3e-bf05-54c0-b5dc-dfc8f34b4d6d.html
https://swmichigan.org/blog/843-benton-harbor-arts-district