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Tailstock Operation in CNC Machine
Problem statement :
Design a hydraulic circuit for operation of tailstock in CNC machine.
i. Piston should move in a set feed for supporting action
ii. Piston should retract in rapid mode action
Abstract
Our aim is to design a hydraulic circuit for the operation of Tailstock operation which is used in CNC machines. We are required to design the circuit in such a way that the piston/Tailstock head must extend in a controlled way, that is the extension must be user controlled and must extend only till the position which is required by the operator. Whereas the retraction must be rapid, that is once the user commands the tailstock spindle to move back the operation must happen in a flash.
Introduction
A Computer Numerical Control (CNC) system offers advanced pro-combinational skill and technology that is controlled and managed through a coded alpha-numeric system. At its base, a CNC system consists of five components with functionality that is blended into a synchronous system. Computer programmed data is then used to control and run the operations of a CNC system. Every specialist of CNC machine understands the components and their essence in making the machining process a success. In which tailstock is placed opposite to the headstock. A tailstock is used to support the free end of a work piece while the machining process.
Working Principle of CNC Machine
CNC machining is a metal fabrication method where written code controls the machinery in the manufacturing process. The code determines everything from the movement of the cutting head and the part to spindle speed, RPMs. CNC machining services use a subtractive fabrication method. The material or part is clamped and rotated by the main spindle, while the cutting tool that work on the material, is mounted and moved in various axis. Whereas the tailstock ensures the work piece's longitudinal rotary axis is held steady and fixed precisely parallel to the lathe bed.
COMPONENTS OF CNC
Input devices: With a CNC system being controlled and managed through a specialty system, it is necessary to have an effective way of coordinating the pre-programmed data with the designed system. These input devices include flash disks, compact discs, and other modern data transfer components.
Input devices: With a CNC system being controlled and managed through a specialty system, it is necessary to have an effective way of coordinating the pre-programmed data with the designed system. These input devices include flash disks, compact discs, and other modern data transfer components.
Machining component: This is a high accuracy system that allows for the machining of the end products. It also encapsulates the cutting spindles and the systems controlling the machining parts. As a critical component of the CNC machine, the processing component responds to the preprogrammed (coded) computer aided control logic.
Machining component: This is a high accuracy system that allows for the machining of the end products. It also encapsulates the cutting spindles and the systems controlling the machining parts. As a critical component of the CNC machine, the processing component responds to the preprogrammed (coded) computer aided control logic.
Machining Control Unit: At the heart of the CNC system is a high value logic control panel consisting of the data processing unit (DPU) and a control loop unit (CLU). The DPU component allows for effective reception and decoding of the programs. Once decoded into machine language, the interpolator resting on the DPU calculates the exact positions of the cutting spindles.
Machining Control Unit: At the heart of the CNC system is a high value logic control panel consisting of the data processing unit (DPU) and a control loop unit (CLU). The DPU component allows for effective reception and decoding of the programs. Once decoded into machine language, the interpolator resting on the DPU calculates the exact positions of the cutting spindles.
Driving system: Another critical component of a CNC machine is the driving system that responds to the pre-programmed instructions by allowing for the cutting of the end products into shape and design. In its most simple form, the driving system consists of several control motors whose rotation determines the movement of the cutting spindle.
Driving system: Another critical component of a CNC machine is the driving system that responds to the pre-programmed instructions by allowing for the cutting of the end products into shape and design. In its most simple form, the driving system consists of several control motors whose rotation determines the movement of the cutting spindle.
Feedback device: For a CNC system to operate effectively, there is need to relay feedback about the various processes during and after every process is completed. The feedback devices include linear transducers and direct position scales and encoders.
Feedback device: For a CNC system to operate effectively, there is need to relay feedback about the various processes during and after every process is completed. The feedback devices include linear transducers and direct position scales and encoders.
Display unit: A monitor is used to display the programs, commands and other useful data of CNC machine
Display unit: A monitor is used to display the programs, commands and other useful data of CNC machine
MANUAL CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
SIMULATION AND CIRCUIT DIAGRAMS
Using 4/2 direction configuration valve with lever actuator, spring return, a single rod double acting cylinder is to shift and get positioned horizontal in fixture. At the center configuration there is no actuation of the cylinder. By operating the lever, DCV is actuated. In this actuation liquid flows from pump line to piston end of the cylinder and cylinder extension will take place, which can be controlled by varying the pressure. By this mechanism, tailstock of CNC extends itself and hence places according to the machining object. Upon shifting of envelop of the DCV by again actuating it, liquid flows to the rod end of the cylinder by that retraction of the cylinder takes place, which is rapid. By this mechanism, tailstock moves forward and backward, wherein extension is controlled and retraction is rapid.
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