OPEN - ENDED

Introduction :

A hydraulic jack is a crucial tool used in automotive maintenance to lift heavy vehicles for tasks such as tire changes and inspections. This project aims to design a hydraulic jack circuit capable of safely and efficiently lifting vehicles weighing up to 2000 kg. The design will focus on reliability, ease of use, and incorporating safety features to prevent accidents. By optimizing the hydraulic system components and ensuring compliance with safety standards, the goal is to create a durable and cost-effective solution suitable for regular automotive repair applications.

LITERATURE REVIEW :

Hydraulic Jack Systems : 

Hydraulic jacks operate on Pascal's Law, which states that pressure applied to a confined fluid transmits uniformly in all directions. The principle is such that one small input force can actually create a large output force; therefore, they are effective for lifting heavy loads, like vehicles.

Design aspects :

More importantly, proper selection of the appropriate sizes of cylinders, hydraulic fluid type, and pump type should adequately provide the force and efficiency for lift. The structure is also constructed out of high-strength alloys like steel or aluminum material.

Bypass valves and locking devices form an integral part of safety mechanisms in order to prevent, during operation, accidents.

Applications and Limitations:

Hydraulic jacks are widely available in automotive workshops and garages. However, it requires to be regularly maintained so not to leak fluid and sustaining performance.

Hydraulics fluids with issues of environmental leakage also are mitigated through the use of biodegradable fluids and effective sealant techniques.

Advances in Technology:

Modern design offers compact, lightweight structures with ergonomic features for easier use. Automation and electric hydraulic pumps are increasingly used to minimize manual effort. Standards and Policy: The design and manufacture are according to standards such as ISO 12100 (Safety of Machinery) and ASME PASE (Safety Standards for Portable Automotive Service Equipment). This literature will provide a basis for designing a hydraulic jack safe, efficient, and meeting requirements for lifting a 2000 kg vehicle.

Hydraulic circuit diagram :

Explanation of Circuit Diagram :  

The hydraulic system consists of several key components that work together to lift and lower a load, such as a vehicle, with controlled force. The Variable Displacement Pump, driven by a motor (M), supplies hydraulic fluid at a controlled pressure and flow rate to the circuit. The Directional Control Valve (DCV) directs fluid into and out of the hydraulic cylinder, which is responsible for converting hydraulic energy into mechanical lifting force. The system also includes a Pressure Relief Valve to ensure safety by preventing excess pressure that could damage components, while the Hydraulic Fluid Reservoir stores the fluid used in the system. The Check Valve allows fluid to flow in only one direction, ensuring that the cylinder retains pressure when lifting the load. A Pressure Gauge monitors the system's pressure for safety and control.

When the system starts, the motor powers the pump, drawing fluid from the reservoir and pressurizing it. During the lifting operation, the DCV directs pressurized fluid to the bottom chamber of the hydraulic cylinder, causing it to lift the vehicle. Once the desired height is reached, the DCV locks the fluid in the cylinder, holding the load in position. To lower the load, the DCV redirects the fluid back to the reservoir, allowing the load to descend in a controlled manner. Safety mechanisms include the pressure relief valve, which activates if the pressure exceeds safe limits, and the check valve, which prevents the load from lowering unintentionally.

Simulation : 

Simulation video :

Conclusion:

By conducting this open-ended experiment, we come to the conclusion that hydraulic system in power hacksaw machine act as a reciprocating member.