系統開發

2022/06/26 (新增連結)

開發平台的評估

一般而言，組織都會有既定的開發平台(工具/語言)，專案通常都是依循組織的規劃。那組織如何決定開發平台呢? 一般而言，會考慮幾個因素:

• 組織既有的開發平台

  • 主要的原因是希望不要花太多時間重新學習新的平台，學習新的平台，對組織及程式設計師而言，是個降低生產力的事。所以，如果組織過去都使用Java為開發語言，在評估mobile的開發時，會傾向使用Android+Java，或者與Java接近的JavaScript為平台(如:React Native)。當組織過去都使用C#為開發語言，在評估mobile的開發時，就會考慮以c#為基礎的Xamarin。

• 外界的資源

  • 即使是跟現有使用的平台很類似，新的平台也會帶來新的問題，所以，是否能取得資源就是一個很重要的評估因素。一般而言，越多人使用的平台，資源就越多，例如，討論區中會有很多的討論，也會有很多有經驗的開發者回答問題，也會有很多人在blog分享經驗，也會有很多人在github分享範例程式。

  • 相關工具的取得也是很重要的，當專案需要很多程式設計師同時工作時，所選用的平台就必須有版本管理工具(如:git)來配合。

• 人才的獲得

  • 組織也必須考慮到人才的獲得，所以，有些組織會被迫換開發平台，會因為越來越難獲得相關的人才。

• 10 principals in design system architecture

軟體架構

• 5 Key Principles of Software Architecture

  • The SOLID principles (1)

    • Single Responsibility Principle

    • Open-Closed Principle

    • Liskov Substitution Principle

    • Interface Segregation Principle

    • Dependency Inversion Principle

  • The Least principles

    • The principle of Least Astonishment / Least Surprise (2)

    • The principle of Least Effort / Zipf's law (3)

  • The principles of Economics

    • The principle of Opportunity Cost (4)

    • The principle of Last Responsible Moment / Cost of Delay (5)

• Introduction to Software Architecture (Part 1)

• Hexagonal Architecture, there are always two sides to every story

• Scale

  • Software Architecture for Scale-ups

  • How to Scale Application to support Millions Users

  • Design Patterns and Principles That Support Large Scale Systems

  • Multi-Tenant Application

• Software Architecture Cheat Sheet for Daily Usage

• How your apps are designed to manipulate you

  • Dark patterns

    • Gambling for loot

    • Gamification of KPIs

    • Anti opt-out

  • The path to Digital Wellbeing

• The Dark Side of Design

  • Misdirection

  • Obstruction

  • Sneaking

  • Urgency

  • Social Proof / Scarcity

• Demeter’s Law: Don’t talk to strangers!: Software Engineering Principles

• Most Useful Software Architecture Patterns

• 3 Common Software Architecture Patterns and When To Use Them

  • Layered (n-tier) architecture

  • Microservices architecture

  • Monolithic Architecture

• Software Architecture Patterns: 4 minute read

  • Layered architecture

  • Event-driven architecture

    • Implement Event-driven Architecture With Minimal Effort

    • Event-Driven Architecture. Part 1: Pros and cons with examples

  • Microkernel architecture (or Plugin architecture)

  • Microservices architecture

  • Space-based architecture (or Cloud architecture pattern)

• Onion vs Clean vs Hexagonal Architecture

• The notes for Fundamentals of Software Architecture (1)

• Architecting Distributed Systems: The Importance of Idempotence

• 10 Software Architecture Patterns in Enterprise Software Development

• A Primer on Architectural Patterns : The Top 7 Software Architecture Patterns You Need To Know

• Fundamental Software Architectural Patterns

• 5 Best Software Architectural Patterns You Must Know About

• System Design Architecture: Stateful vs. Stateless

• CQRS

  • CQRS Software Architecture Pattern: The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly

  • Solve Performance Bottleneck through CQRS

• Tools

  • Documenting Software Architecture in Code Repository

  • Enforce your Java architecture with ArchUnit

• Document

  • C4 model — a better way to visualise software architecture

    • Context diagram

    • Container diagram

    • Component diagram

    • Code

  • What goes in a software architecture document?

  • The Ultimate Guide to Architectural Decision Records

• Clean Architechture

  • The Clean Architecture — Beginner’s Guide

  • Designing Software Using Clean Architecture: Domain-Driven Design

  • Service Development Using Clean Architecture Approach

Web

• JavaScript library

  • jQuery (JQuery UI, JQuery Mobile)

• 前端框架

  • Bootstrap (CSS + javascript)

  • Foundation

  • Semantic UI

• 使用者介面框架

  • React (based on JavaScript)

  • Vue (based on JavaScript)

  • Angular

    • AngularJS (Agular 1 / JavaScript)

    • Angular 2, 4 (rewite in TypeScript)

    • Angular 5 (supports PWA)

      • Creating PWA with Angular 5. Part 1

      • Creating PWA with Angular 5. Part 2

• 應用框架

  • ASP.net MVC (c#)

    • .net on AWS

    • .net on Azure (有學生專案:https://azure.microsoft.com/zh-tw/free/students/#free-products-section)

      • 虛擬機、SQL server、App Service

  • Django (Python)

    • Django Girls 教學

  • Laravel (PHP)

• 程式語言 / 開發平台

  • Java

    • Java + spring framework (詳參: Web Programming)

    • Java on AWS

  • c#

  • PHP

  • Javascript

    • Node.js (後端) & React.js (前端)

      • How to get create-react-app to work with a Node.js back-end API

  • Python

    • python + django

    • python on AWS

iOS

• ㄧ般都是使用Apple提供的XCode + Swift (詳參:The Big List of iOS App Development Tools)，可以利用Sketch進行畫面設計，並export給XCode (詳參: Build an iOS App: From Sketch to the App Store)，或者使用XCode內建的Interface Builder 。

  • 詳參: Build a Basic UI， Design with Swift，Storyboard vs Programmatically in Swift，iOS User Interfaces: Storyboards vs. NIBs vs. Custom Code。

Android

• Android Studio

• Kotlin

  • Realm:明年底Kotlin將取代Java成為Android平台上最受歡迎的語言 (2017/10/16)

  • Kotlin and Android

  • Kotlin reference

  • Kotlin vs. Java

    • Comparison to Java Programming Language

    • Overview of Kotlin & Comparison With Java

  • Kotlin vs. Swift

    • Kotlin vs. Swift: Are Android and iOS moving towards creating a universal language?

    • Swift is like Kotlin

    • Kotlin and Swift: Best Programming Languages to Boost Developer Productivity

• Java

  • ㄧ般使用Android Studio(based on IntelliJIDEA)或Eclipse，介面設計建議使用Android Studio的Layout Editor (詳參: Build a UI with Layout Editor)

    • Developer Guides

    • Mobile App Backend Services

      • 可使用firebase、App Engine或Compute Engine

    • 學習Android之路

    • Android Studio 中文開放式課程

跨平台

• React native (based on Javascript, flexbox) (詳參: What are the main differences between ReactJS and React-Native?)

  • react native (吳老師專題知識分享網站)

• Mobile on AWS

  • iOS, Android, Web, React native

• Apache Cordova

  • in Visual Studio

  • Adobe PhoneGap

• Xamarin: Ruby, C#

  • in Visual Studio

  • Xamarin Studio

• Progressive Web Apps (PWA) (詳參:Progressive Web Apps)

  • Angular 5 & PWA

    • Creating PWA with Angular 5. Part 1

    • Creating PWA with Angular 5. Part 2

  • Your First Progressive Web App

  • 什麽是 Progressive Web App?

  • 30 天 Progressive Web App 學習筆記

  • Progressive Web App 會是未來趨勢嗎？

  • 我們真的需要網頁版App嗎？Google PWA的困局

Database

Relational database

比較常用的有Oracle database, SQL server, MySQL。

• 設計資料庫的20個最佳實踐 (原文: 20 Database Design Best Practices)

NoSQL

NoSQL (non SQL, non relational 或 not only SQL)不是一個產品，而是個概念，泛指不支援SQL的資料庫或非關聯性資料庫，這樣的資料庫通常不需要是先定義的資料欄位 (詳參: NoSQL Database Doesn’t Mean No Schema / 以MongoDB為例, Firebase Data Modeling, Structuring your Firebase Data correctly for a Complex App) 。

• Firebase realtime database (JSON Object, realtime database) (詳參:Structure Your Database)

  • Firebase除了是個No SQL的資料庫之外，還提供雲端平台，可以利用瀏覽器管理資料庫，也提供API讓開發者可以直接在Android、iOS或利用JavaScript存取資料。

  • https://firebase.google.com/docs/

• Google Cloud Firestore (Beta) (資料以文件的形式儲存，以集合的方式組織) (詳參: Cloud Firestore Data Model)

  • Firestore可以說是Firebase realtime database的昇級版

  • Firebase Cloud Firestore 筆記

    • Cloud Firestore 增加了 Collection 概念。資料庫的 Root 為多個 Collection，每個 Collection 可裝載多個 Document，每個 Document 實體中也可包含 Collection

    • Cloud Firestore 支援了更多資料格式，比如：object, array, geopoint, reference。其中 reference 可指定到特定節點的 Document 實體

    • Cloud Firestore 可自定義 index，支援 multi-key index。可以簡易做到混合(compound)的排序(sorting)和條件過濾(filtering)