Charting is the process of establishing the following on any security:
Current market direction of the security (bearish, bullish, or ranging)
Resistance or Support Levels (Highs, Lows, Bounces, Fibonacci Retracements/Extensions, Gaps,)
Volume versus Candlesticks (Price Action)
Identifying EMA patterns (crosses, support, direction)
Using other technical indicators (e.g. RSI, DMI, MACD)