Step 3: Find the Node of the Standing Wave:

1. • Adjust the system to locate the node where the pressure is minimal. This is crucial for calculating the speed of sound based on the standing wave pattern formed between the ultrasonic transducers.

Step 4: Complete the Equipment Setup:

1. • Follow the assembly instructions outlined in the "Arduino Circuit" and "Infrastructure & STL" sections to set up the necessary hardware for the experiment properly.

Step 5: Upload the Code to the Arduino:

1. • Refer to the "Code" section and upload the provided code to the Arduino development board, which controls the ultrasonic transducers.

Step 6: Power On and Control the Voltage:

1. • Turn on the power supply and keep the output voltage between 8V and 13V.

   • Important: Do not exceed 16V, as higher voltage may damage the Arduino board.

Step 7: Place the Polystyrene Balls Between the Ultrasonic Transducers:

1. • Use tweezers to place the polystyrene balls between the two ultrasonic transducers carefully.

   • Adjust the distance between the transducers to ensure the small ball levitates at a standing wave node.

Step 8: Maximize the Number of Balls Suspended:

1. • Try to place as many balls as possible at the standing wave nodes.

   • Note: While multiple balls can be placed at a single node, the lowest node in the standing wave can only support one ball.

Following these steps, you can observe the levitation effect and record the maximum number of polystyrene balls suspended at different nodes, as shown in the reference diagram.

 Step 2: Adjust the Distance Between the Three Ultrasonic Transducers:

1. • Vary the distances between the ultrasonic transducers, ensuring that only one polystyrene ball is placed at each node of the standing wave.

   • Place the polystyrene balls in the middle of the transducers, ensuring each node has a ball.

 Step 3: Record the Number of Balls at Different Distances:

1. • For each different distance between the transducers, record the number of polystyrene balls that are levitating.

 Step 4: Calculate the Wavelength (λ):

1. • Use the following formula to calculate the wavelength of the ultrasonic wave, the distance between transducers:

where n is the number of nodes (balls) observed.

Rearrange the formula to solve for the wavelength λ

Calculate the Speed of Sound (V):

• Use the frequency of the ultrasonic transducers (40 kHz) to calculate the speed of sound with the following formula:

• where f=40 kHz is the frequency and λ is the wavelength obtained from the previous step.

Determine the Average Speed of Sound:

• Perform the experiment multiple times with different distances between the transducers and calculate the speed of sound for each trial.

• Calculate the average speed of sound by averaging the results from all trials.

Compare with the Speed of Sound at Room Temperature:

• The theoretical speed of sound in air at room temperature (approximately 340 m/s) is used as a reference.

• Calculate the percentage error between the experimentally determined average speed of sound and the theoretical value using the formula:

 where Vexp​ is the experimentally determined average speed and Vtheory=340 m/s is the theoretical speed of sound.

 Following these steps, you can accurately determine the wavelength and speed of sound based on the standing wave formed between the ultrasonic transducers. Then, you can compare your experimental results with the known speed of sound at room temperature.

Step 2: Set Up the Camera for Recording:

1. • Position a camera in front of the setup to record the experiment.

   • Refer to the Shooting & ImageJ Analysis (Ultra) section for guidance on how to set up the camera and adjust the recording settings.

Step 3: Induce Oscillation in the Ball:

1. • Using tweezers or the tip of a Dupont wire, gently touch the polystyrene ball to perturb it, causing it to oscillate.

   • The goal is to make the ball oscillate, as shown in the reference video.

   • Record the entire oscillation process using the camera.

Step 4: Analyze the Recorded Video Using ImageJ:

1. • Once the video is recorded, open it in ImageJ software for analysis.

   • Follow the steps in the " Recording Method" and "ImageJ Analysis" sections to analyze the ball's motion.

Step 5: Organize the Analyzed Data:

1. • After completing the video analysis in ImageJ, organize the extracted data for further processing.

   • Refer to the "Data Analysis" section for instructions on how to clean and structure the data.

   • Save the final analyzed data as a CSV file for further analysis.

Step 6: Fit the Data Using Jupyter Notebook:

1. • Use a Jupyter Notebook to fit the experimental data into the theoretical model, as shown in the "Programming Codes" section.

   • Adjust the model parameters to match the experimental data with the theoretical simulation.

   • Record all the parameters you adjust on the provided worksheet for future reference.

Step 7: Repeat Steps 1-6:

1. • Perform the entire experiment twice to ensure reproducibility and accuracy.

   • Record and save the results for both experiments.

 Following these steps, you will successfully conduct the ultrasonic levitation oscillation experiment, analyze the data using ImageJ, and fit the results into a theoretical model using Jupyter Notebook. Make sure to record all relevant parameters and repeat the experiment for consistency.