One way that math is seen in the world of photography is in using what many photographers call "the rule of thirds". The rule of thirds tells the photographer to picture a grid divided into thirds that focuses on four points in the center. These four points are where objects of interest should be placed so that the picture will be balanced and therefore more pleasing to the eye.
Shutter speed is a setting on many cameras that can affect how pictures turn out. Shutter speed determines how much light goes in the camera for a certain period of time. Calculating shutter speed can be tricky because it is measured in fractions of seconds such as 1/1000, 1/250, 1/30, and so on. The larger the fraction gets, the more light is let in which can lead to some unique photographs such as this one which features light trails from cars on a busy street.
The fibonacci sequence is a mathematical sequence that makes for many pleasing pictures. It is also called the golden spiral and can be found naturally occouring in flowers, shells, and other things. The first two numbers of the fibonacci sequence are ones. To figure out the next number you simply add the first two, and so on. Here are a few of the first digits in the sequence: 1,1,2,3,5,8,13,21,34...
This video may be a bit complex, but it explains some of the math that goes into the settings on a Canon camera.
This page by Bethany Heinitz