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Directions: Draw 4 three-dimensional shapes (sphere, cone, cylinder, cube). Choose 4 shading techniques you completed for your value scales and shade in each shape using a different technique.
EXAMPLE:
Where Is the Light?
Where Is the Light?
Light shows you where to draw shading so you can transform a circle into a sphere. In the drawing below, notice what happens to a line drawing of a circle when the various components of light and shadows are added with shading.
Highlighting the Highlight
Highlighting the Highlight
Light source refers to the direction from which a dominant light originates. A light source identifies the light and shadow areas of a drawing subject, so you know where to draw shading. A highlight is the brightest area on a form and is usually the section closest to the light source.
The drawing on the right: a sphere helps illustrate a highlight. The highlight is the white circular shape in the center of the lightest shading. Those surfaces of the sphere that are closer to or in the shadowed areas are shaded with darker values. =
Highlights can help make forms look three-dimensional. In the drawing of a nose, you find highlights on the center section and on the wing over one nostril (on the left). Highlights accentuate the spherical forms of the child’s nose.
Dark Values in a Shadow
Dark Values in a Shadow
Sections of a form that receive little light need to be shaded with dark values. The darkest shading on the surface of a form tends to be in areas that are farthest away from the light source, and/or where the light has been blocked by the form itself (or another object).
In the sphere, look for the dark crescent-shaped shadow on the lower right. The shading becomes progressively darker, from the highlight to the crescent-shaped shadow section.
A whole side of a face or body can be drawn in shadow. Examine the shading in the next drawing of a young man’s face. Observe how the dark values of the shadows give form to various sections of his face such as his nose, mouth area, and chin.
Shadows accentuate the forms of various parts of this young man’s face.
Reflected Light
Reflected Light
Reflected light is a faint light reflected or bounced back on an object from the surfaces close to and around it. Reflected light is especially noticeable on a sphere. Check out the spherical segment in the next drawing and observe the rim of light shading on the lower right. In this particular case, the reflected light (RL) is bouncing back from the light surface on which the sphere is sitting.
A tiny rim of reflected light (RL) is shaded with light values.
In the next detail section of a drawing, the muscular forms of a man’s arms are enhanced by adding reflected light along their edges. Observe how the reflected light (on the left) also serves to visually separate the arm from the dark shading of the background.
Reflected light along the edge of muscular arms greatly enhances the three-dimensional forms.
Cast Shadows
Cast Shadows
A cast shadow is a dark section on a surface, close to an object, that receives little or no light. In the next drawing, the light on the adjacent surface has been blocked by the sphere, resulting in a cast shadow. The values of the cast shadow are darkest right next to the sphere’s lower edge and become gradually lighter farther away from the sphere.
The darkest values in the cast shadow are closest to the sphere.
In the next sketch, a nose casts a dark shadow onto the lower-right section of the face. The shadow also anchors the nose so you can tell it’s attached to the face. Shadows tend to be very similar in shape to whatever is blocking the light (in this case, a nose).
The darkest values in the cast shadow are closest to the sphere.
In the next sketch, a nose casts a dark shadow onto the lower-right section of the face. The shadow also anchors the nose so you can tell it’s attached to the face. Shadows tend to be very similar in shape to whatever is blocking the light (in this case, a nose).
The section of the cast shadow closest to the nose is the darkest.
How and where you draw a cast shadow can create the illusion that objects are either touching or separated from adjacent surfaces (or other objects). The first sphere in the next drawing is sitting on the surface. The cast shadow is touching its lower edge. However, the other two seem to be floating, because the shadows are detached from the spheres.
These shadows create the illusion that the spheres are floating rather than sitting on a surface.
Have a look at the shadows cast on a child’s forehead by individual strands of hair (in the next drawings). The hair isn’t shaded in the first drawing, making the cast shadows easy to pinpoint. Observe how they make the hair look like it’s sticking out a little rather than resting flat against her forehead.
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