Research and Implementation

Alfie Kohn - The Cost of Overemphasizing Achievement

Ken O'Connor - 15 Fixes for a Broken Grading System

Robert Marzano - 4-Point Scale

Robert Marzano - Eight Questions about Implementing Standards-Based Education

Robert Marzano & Mike Schmoker - Realizing the Promise of Standards-Based Education

Patricia Scriffeny - Seven Reasons for Standards-Based Grading

Colorado Coalition of Standards-Based Education - The Standards-Based Teaching/Learning Cycle

National Academy of Education - A History of Standards-Based Education

Matt Townsley - What is the difference between Standards-Based Grading and Competency-Based Education?

"Perhaps the most counterproductive aspect of schooling as we know it is the conventional system of letter grades. The problem with the grades is not the use of symbols, but the absence of any defensible plan for coming up with the symbol...most grades reflect what is easy to count and average into a final grade."

Grant Wiggins