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In value addition feedback, two statements—remedial and reinforcement—are added to the default feedback along with the additional content information. The remedial feedback displays the correct response, identifies the incorrectness in the distracter, and displays the corrected option. The value-added feedback displays the corrected option and provides additional content information relevant to the correct answer.
The value-added feedback is written for four types of questions such as:
Multiple-Choice Single Select
Multiple-Choice Multiple Select
Exclusive Match
Non-Exclusive Match
Note
Note
In multiple choice questions, it is recommended that only one of the options is made into a distracter. This is with a view to limit the length of the value-added feedback.
Multiple-Choice Single Select
Multiple-Choice Single Select
In MCSS, the learner is required to select one option, which is the correct answer. If the learner selects any option other than the correct one, the remedial feedback displays the correct response, identifies the incorrectness in the distracter, and displays the corrected option. If the learner selects the correct option, the value-added feedback displays the corrected option and provides additional content information relevant to the correct answer.
Example
Example
The following example demonstrates how to correctly write value-added feedback for multiple-choice single select questions. The corrected distracter for this question is: “Web-Based Training enhances interaction through synchronous and asynchronous collaboration.”
Input
Input
Which one of the following features of Web-Based Training is false?
Select an option, and then click Submit.
Output
Output
Feedback for Incorrect Response (Remediation-Reinforcement)
No, that’s incorrect. The correct answer is: (D). In Web-Based Training the learner collaboration is not affected adversely due to online interaction, but it enhances interaction. WBT enhances the interaction through synchronous and asynchronous collaboration.
Feedback for Correct Response (Value Addition)
Yes, that’s correct! Web-Based Training enhances interaction through synchronous and asynchronous collaboration. WBT is generally used at the professional or corporate level as it is suitable for teaching content that is frequently updated because it is easy to modify.
In this example, the distracter is (D). The remedial feedback is displayed with correct response, identifies the incorrectness in the distracter, and displays the corrected option. This feedback shows that the option (D) is not a feature of WBT, which is the correct answer. The reason why option (D) is not a feature of WBT shows the incorrectness of the distracter. The corrected option with the additional information about WBT is displayed as value-added feedback.
Non-Example
Non-Example
The following non-example demonstrates how not to write value-added feedback for multiple-choice single select questions.
Input
Input
Which one of the following features of Web-Based Training is false?
Select an option, and then click Submit.
Output
Output
Feedback for Incorrect Response (Remediation-Reinforcement)
No, that’s wrong! The correct answer is, “Learner collaboration is affected adversely due to online interaction”.
Feedback for Correct Response (Value Addition)
Yes, that’s correct! Web-Based Training enhances interaction through synchronous and asynchronous collaboration. WBT is generally used at the professional or corporate level as it is suitable for teaching content that is frequently updated because it is easy to modify.
In this non-example, “That’s wrong” with an exclamation mark might discourage the learner and create a negative impact on the learner. Also, the entire statement of the incorrect option is written instead of option number. This may cause difficulty for the learner while mapping the feedback with the content; as the word in the distracter and in other options may be similar.
Multiple-Choice Multiple Select
Multiple-Choice Multiple Select
For answering MCMS test item, the learner is required to select correct options except for one, which is incorrect. When the learner selects the incorrect option, a remedial feedback is given which displays the correct answers, identifies the incorrectness in the distracter, and displays the corrected option. If the learner selects the correct options, then a value-added feedback is displayed which comprises the corrected option and provides additional content information relevant to the correct answer.
Example
Example
The following example demonstrates how to correctly write value-added feedback for multiple-choice multiple select questions.
Input
Input
Which of the statements explaining the digestive processes are true?
Select all options that apply, and then click Submit.
Output
Output
Feedback for Incorrect Response (Remediation-Reinforcement)
No, that’s incorrect. The correct answers are: (A), (B), (C), and (D). The process of releasing enzymes to break down the food in the stomach does not take place in absorption. It takes place in ingestion process.
Feedback for Correct Response (Value Addition)
Yes, that’s correct! The process of releasing enzymes to break down the food in the stomach takes place in ingestion process. The human digestive system, is designed to process food and fluids which are consumed on a daily basis.
In this example, option (E) is the distracter. As the MCMS requires learners to select more than one option there are more than one response. The remedial feedback is displayed with correct responses and identified incorrectness in the distracter, and the corrected option is displayed. This feedback shows that options (A), (B), (C), and (D) are processes involved in digestion. The reason why option (E) is not a process in digestion shows the incorrectness in the distracter. The corrected option and the additional information about digestion process are displayed as value-added feedback.
Non-Example
Non-Example
The following non-example demonstrates how not to write value-added feedback for multiple-choice multiple select questions.
Input
Input
Which of the statements explaining the digestive processes are true?
Select all options that apply, and then click Submit.
Output
Output
Feedback for Incorrect Response (Remediation-Reinforcement)
No, that’s incorrect. The correct answers are: (A), (B), (C), and (D). The process of releasing enzymes to break down the food in the stomach does not take place in absorption. It takes place in ingestion process. The human digestive system, is designed to process food and fluids which are consumed on a daily basis.
Feedback for Correct Response (Value Addition)
Yes, that’s right! The process of releasing enzymes to break down the food in the stomach takes place in ingestion process. The human digestive system, is designed to process food and fluids which are consumed on a daily basis.
In this non-example, the word “right” in the reinforcement feedback has dual meaning. The word “right” also indicates direction. This can create confusion among learners. Moreover, the value addition should not be given in the feedback for incorrect response.
Exclusive Matching-List
Exclusive Matching-List
In exclusive match list, the learner is required to match the items in one of the two columns with their opposites in the other column. When the learner match incorrectly, a remedial feedback is given which displays the correct response and provides some additional content information relevant to the correct answer. If the learner matches correctly, the value-added feedback displays an affirmative statement and provides more additional content information relevant to the correct answer.
Example
Example
The following example demonstrates how to correctly write value-added feedback for exclusive match questions.
Input
Input
Can you match the parts of plant with their corresponding functions?
Select an option from each drop-down list box, and then click Submit.
Output
Output
Feedback for Incorrect Response (Remediation-Reinforcement)
No, that’s incorrect. The correct answers are: (A)-(2), (B)-(4), (C)-(1), (D)-(5), and (E)-(3). The basic parts of a typical plant are roots, stems, leaves, flowers, fruits, and seeds.
Feedback for Correct Response (Value Addition)
Yes, that’s correct! You have matched the parts of plant with their correct functions. The basic parts of a typical plant are roots, stems, leaves, flowers, fruits, and seeds. The parts of plants are divided into sexual reproductive parts and vegetative parts.
In this example, each option on the right hand side column has a match to the options on the left hand side column. Hence there is only one correct answer for each match. The remedial feedback displays the correct response, that is, the correct match of the items of one column to the items in other column. Also, it provides some additional information. The value-added feedback displays an affirmative statement about the successful completion of the test item along with more additional content information relevant to the correct answer.
Non-Example
Non-Example
The following non-example demonstrates how not to write value-added feedback for exclusive match questions.
Input
Input
Can you match the parts of plant with their corresponding functions?
Select an option from each drop-down list box, and then click Submit.
Output
Output
Feedback for Incorrect Response (Remediation-Reinforcement)
No, that’s incorrect. The correct answers are: (2)-(A), (4)-(B), (1)-(C), (5)-(D), and (3)-(E). The basic parts of a typical plant are roots, stems, leaves, flowers, fruits, and seeds.
Feedback for Correct Response (Value Addition)
Yes, that’s correct! You have matched the parts of plant with their correct functions. The basic parts of a typical plant are roots, stems, leaves, flowers, fruits, and seeds. The parts of plants are divided into sexual reproductive parts and vegetative parts.
In this non-example, the numerals and the alphabets are interchanged. The items on the left hand side column are always matched with the items on the right hand side column.
Non-Exclusive Matching-List
Non-Exclusive Matching-List
In non-exclusive match list, the learner is required to match the items in one of the two columns with their opposites in the other column. However, one item may have more than one match. When the learner match incorrectly, a remedial feedback is given which displays the correct response and provides some additional content information relevant to the correct answer. If the learner matches correctly, the value-added feedback displays an affirmative statement and provides additional content information relevant to the correct answer.
Example
Example
The following example demonstrates how to correctly write value-added feedback for non-exclusive questions.
Input
Input
Can you match the parts of plant with their corresponding functions?
Type a numeral in each text-entry box, and then click Submit. You can type a numeral more than once.
Output
Output
Feedback for Incorrect Response (Remediation-Reinforcement)
No, that’s incorrect. The correct answers are: (A)-(2), (B)-(1), (C) - (3), (D)-(1), and (E)-(2). The basic parts of a typical plant are roots, stems, leaves, flowers, fruits, and seeds.
Feedback for Correct Response (Value Addition)
Yes, that’s correct! You have matched the parts of plant with their correct functions. The basic parts of a typical plant are roots, stems, leaves, flowers, fruits, and seeds. The parts of plants are divided into sexual reproductive parts and vegetative parts.
In this example, each option on the right hand side column has more than one match to the options on the left hand side column. Hence, there is more than one correct response. The remedial feedback displays the correct response. This includes displaying the correct match for each item on the left hand side column. It also provides some additional content information relevant to the correct answer. The value-added feedback displays an affirmative statement and provides additional content information relevant to the correct answer that indicates the successful completion of the test item.
Non-Example
Non-Example
The following non-example demonstrates how not to write value-added feedback for non-exclusive match questions.
Input
Input
Can you match the parts of plant with their corresponding functions?
Type a numeral in each text-entry box, and then click Submit. You can type a numeral more than once.
Output
Output
Feedback for Incorrect Response (Remediation-Reinforcement)
No, that’s incorrect. The correct answers are: (A), (E)-(2), (B), (D)-(1), and (C)-(3). The basic parts of a typical plant are roots, stems, leaves, flowers, fruits, and seeds.
Feedback for Correct Response (Value Addition)
Yes, that’s correct! You have matched the parts of plant with their correct functions. The basic parts of a typical plant are roots, stems, leaves, flowers, fruits, and seeds. The parts of plants are divided into sexual reproductive parts and vegetative parts.
In this non-example, the mapping of an item on the right-hand-side column, which matches with more than one item on the left-hand-side column, is not observed. It should be written as (A)-(2), (B)-(1), (C)-(3), (D)-(1), and (E)-(2).
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