Embedded Files
In remedial-reinforcement feedbacks, the two statements remedial and reinforcement are added to the default feedback. The reinforcement feedback displays the correct response and identifies the correctness in the distracter. The reinforcement feedback displays the corrected option.
The remedial-reinforcement feedbacks are written for four types of questions:
Multiple-Choice Single Select
Multiple-Choice Multiple Select
Exclusive Match
Non-Exclusive Match
Multiple-Choice Single Select
Multiple-Choice Single Select
In MCSS, the learner is required to select one option which is the correct answer. If the learner selects any option other than the correct one, the remedial feedback displays the correct response with the incorrectness in the distracter. If the learner selects the correct option, the reinforcement feedback displays the corrected option.
Example
Example
The following example demonstrates how to correctly write remedial reinforcement feedback for multiple-choice single select questions. The corrected distracter for this question is: “Web-Based Training enhances interaction through synchronous and asynchronous collaboration.”
Input
Input
Which one of the following features of Web-Based Training is false?
Select an option, and then click Submit.
Output
Output
Feedback for Incorrect Response (Remediation)
No, that’s incorrect. The correct answer is: (D). In Web-Based Training, the learner collaboration is not affected adversely due to online interaction, but enhances interaction through synchronous and asynchronous collaboration.
Feedback for Correct Response (Reinforcement)
Yes, that’s correct! Web-Based Training enhances interaction through synchronous and asynchronous collaboration.
In this example, the distracter is (D). The remedial feedback is displayed with correct response and identified incorrectness in the distracter. This feedback shows that the option (D) is the not a feature of WBT which is the correct answer. The reason why option (D) is not a feature of WBT shows the incorrectness of the distracter. The corrected option is displayed as reinforcement feedback.
Non-Example
Non-Example
The following non-example demonstrates how not to write remedial reinforcement feedback for multiple-choice single select questions. The corrected distracter for this question is: “Web-Based Training enhances interaction through synchronous and asynchronous collaboration.”
Input
Input
Which one of the following features of Web-Based Training is false?
Select an option, and then click Submit.
Output
Output
Feedback for Incorrect Response (Remediation)
No, that’s wrong! The correct answer is, “Learner collaboration is affected adversely due to online interaction.”
Feedback for Correct Response (Reinforcement)
Yes, that’s correct! Web-Based Training enhances interaction through synchronous and asynchronous collaboration.
In this non-example, “That’s wrong” with an exclamation mark might discourage the learner and create a negative impact on the learner. Also, the entire statement of the incorrect option is written instead of option number and the correct remediation is not provided. This may cause difficulty for the learner while mapping the feedback with the content; as the word in the distracter and in other options may be similar.
Multiple-Choice Multiple Select
Multiple-Choice Multiple Select
For answering MCMS test item, the learner is required to select correct options except for one which is incorrect. When the learner selects the incorrect option, a remedial feedback is given which displays the correct answers and also identifies the incorrectness in the distracter. If the learner selects the correct options, then a reinforcement feedback is displayed which comprises the corrected option.
Example
Example
The following example demonstrates how to correctly write options for multiple-choice multiple select questions. The corrected distracter for this question is: “The process of releasing enzymes to break down the food in the stomach takes place in ingestion process.”
Input
Input
Which of the statements explaining the digestive processes are true?
Select all options that apply, and then click Submit.
Output
Output
Feedback for Incorrect Response (Remediation)
No, that’s incorrect. The correct answers are: (A), (B), (C), and (D). The process of releasing enzymes to break down the food in the stomach does not take place in absorption, but in ingestion process.
Feedback for Correct Response (Reinforcement)
Yes, that’s correct! The process of releasing enzymes to break down the food in the stomach takes place in ingestion process.
In this example, option (E) is the distracter. As the MCMS requires learners to select more than one option there are more than one response. The remedial feedback is displayed with correct responses and identified incorrectness in the distracter. This feedback shows that options (A), (B), (C), and (D) are processes involved in digestion. The reason why option (E) is not a process in digestion shows the incorrectness in the distracter. The corrected option is displayed as reinforcement feedback.
Non-Example
Non-Example
The following non-example demonstrates how not to write remedial reinforcement feedback for multiple-choice multiple select questions. The corrected distracter for this question is:
Input
Input
Which of the statements explaining the digestive processes are true?
Select all options that apply, and then click Submit.
Output
Output
Feedback for Incorrect Response (Remediation)
No, that’s incorrect. The correct answers are: (A), (B), (C), and (D). The process of releasing enzymes to break down the food in the stomach does not take place in absorption, but in ingestion process.
Feedback for Correct Response (Reinforcement)
Yes, that’s right! The process of releasing enzymes to break down the food in the stomach takes place in ingestion process.
In this non-example, the word “right” in the reinforcement feedback has dual meaning; it also indicates direction. This may confuse the learners.
Exclusive Matching-List
Exclusive Matching-List
In exclusive match list, the learner is required to match the items in one of the two columns with their opposites in the other column. When the learner matches incorrectly, a remedial feedback is given which displays only the correct answer. If the learner matches correctly, the reinforcement feedback displays an affirmative statement.
Example
Example
The following example demonstrates how to correctly write options for exclusive match questions. The correct match for this question is: “(A)-(2), (B)-(4), (C)-(1), (D)-(5), (E)-(3)”
Input
Input
Can you match the parts of a plant with their corresponding functions?
Select an option from each drop-down list box, and then click Submit.
Output
Output
Feedback for Incorrect Response (Remediation)
No, that’s incorrect. The correct answers are: (A)-(2), (B)-(4), (C)-(1), (D)-(5), and (E)-(3).
Feedback for Correct Response (Reinforcement)
Yes, that’s correct! You have matched the parts of plant with their correct functions.
In this example, each option on the right hand side column has a match to the options on the left hand side column. Hence there is only one correct answer for each match. The remedial feedback displays only the correct response, that is, the correct match of the items of one column to the items in other column. The reinforcement feedback displays an affirmative statement about the successful completion of the test item.
Non-Example
Non-Example
The following non-example demonstrates how not to write remedial reinforcement feedback for exclusive match questions. The corrected distracter for this question is:
Input
Input
Can you match the parts of a plant with their corresponding functions?
Select an option from each drop-down list box, and then click Submit.
Output
Output
Feedback for Incorrect Response (Remediation)
No, that’s incorrect. The correct answers are: (2)-(A), (4)-(B), (1)-(C), (5)-(D), and (3)-(E).
Feedback for Correct Response (Reinforcement)
Yes, that’s correct! You have matched the parts of plant with their correct functions.
In this non-example, the numerals and the alphabets are interchanged. The items on the left hand side column are always matched with the items on the right hand side column and not vice versa.
Non-Exclusive Matching-List
Non-Exclusive Matching-List
In non-exclusive match list, the learner is required to match the items in one of the two columns with their opposites in the other column. However, one item may have more than one match. When the learner match incorrectly, a remedial feedback is given which displays only the correct answer. If the learner matches correctly, the reinforcement feedback displays an affirmative statement.
Example
Example
The following example demonstrates how to correctly write options for non-exclusive match questions. The correct match for this question is: “(A)-(2), (B)-(1), (C)-(3), (D)-(1), (E)-(2)”
Input
Input
Can you match the parts of plant with their corresponding functions?
Type a numeral in each text-entry box, and then click Submit. You can type a numeral more than once.
Output
Output
Feedback for Incorrect Response (Remediation)
No, that’s incorrect. The correct answers are: (A)-(2), (B)-(1), (C)-(3), (D)-(1), and (E)-(2).
Feedback for Correct Response (Reinforcement)
Yes, that’s correct! You have matched the parts of plant with their correct functions.
In this example, each option on the right hand side column has more than one match to the options on the left hand side column. Hence, there is more than one correct response. The remedial feedback displays the correct response. This includes displaying the correct match for each item on the left hand side column. The reinforcement feedback displays an affirmative statement, which indicates the successful completion of the test item.
Non-Example
Non-Example
The following non-example demonstrates how not to write options for non-exclusive match questions. The correct match for this question is: “(A)-(2), (B)-(1), (C)-(3), (D)-(1), (E)-(2)”
Input
Input
Can you match the parts of plant with their corresponding functions?
Type a numeral in each text-entry box, and then click Submit. You can type a numeral more than once.
Output
Output
Feedback for Incorrect Response (Remediation)
No, that’s incorrect. The correct answers are: (A)&(E)-(2), (B)&(D)-(1), (C)-(3).
Feedback for Correct Response (Reinforcement)
Yes, that’s correct! You have matched the parts of plant with their correct functions.
In this non-example, the mapping of an item on the right hand side of column which matches with more than one item on the left hand side column is not observed. It should be written as (A)-(2), (B)-(1), (C)-(3), (D)-(1), and (E)-(2).
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