There are many technologies that today are ubiquitous throughout the galaxy, many, developed as a result of the necessities of space travel itself. While ubiquitously available, it should be noted that the technologies come in many forms as each race tends to manufacture devices and components to their own standards and styles... though the Fulgar are slowly trying to bring about standardization for some of the more common devices.
The most common form of power generation aboard a starship or on a planet is a Fusion Core. Magnetically contained fusion power generation allows for extremely efficient, fast, and nearly waste-free production of energy for a city or a ship. Indeed, it is rare for even a minor colonial outpost not to have access to fusion power. Modern spacefaring society would not be possible without these workhorses of energy.
The most common form of slower than light and "in-system" propulsion is the Ion Drive. While such drives do not gain speed very fast, they are extremely efficient and capable of great near-light speeds without relying on Starways.
Every ship will have an Ion Drive or equivalent engine system in addition to more conventional chemical propulsion systems for detailed maneuvering or for a "kick-start" in momentum.
Developed originally to allow crew and colonists to remain asleep and ageless during the extremely long journey's between stars using slower than light drives, Cryogenic Suspension is now largely a "thing of the past". That being said most medical facilities will have limited numbers of such suspension chambers to allow them to store critically injured or incurable patients for later healing, research, or transit. Exploration ships specifically tasked with exploring beyond the Starways connected Galactic Commons will possess a large number of Cryo-pods or the like.
In general, the idea that an entire crew of a space ship should have the ability to survive and escape catastrophic failures is a conceit. A fairy-tale to help individuals avoid facing the simple fact that their lives are expendable and often of secondary concern. Additionally, in the circumstances of war and battle, would you prefer to serve on a ship that provides defenseless escape pods that will likely never be retrieved, or trade that capacity for additional power, armor, weapons, etc. that would help prevent the ship's need for escape pods in the first place?
Still, such devices do exist. Large military craft typically have a docking bay and a few "Life Boats". Life Boats are defined by the fact that they transport a larger number of people, that they are fully functioning vessels capable of general flight in or out of an atmosphere, and are often designed with the ability to travel throughout a solar system, and in rare cases are capable of interstellar travel on their own. They are, in essence, a small ship.
Escape pods are almost non-existent on military vessels, though there are exceptions (The Ukaros maintain escape pods for their vaunted leadership caste). In the private sector however, the wealthy and powerful often purchase escape pod capacity on board their private yachts and the like. Notably, the best escape pods available have built-in cryo-stasis chambers, so that the occupant may survive for months or even years within the pod and await possible retrieval.
Growing vast amounts of food in a confined environment is an extremely challenging task but Protein Synthesis makes it possible. The technology essentially allows for the conversion of a inert organic material into any specific proteins. The energy consumed in the process is relatively mild and allows for the artificial creation of food. The results however leave much to be desired for most food-eating species and it is common to use the technology to create the basis for more interesting plant and animal life to be further grown and later eaten. Notably, by animal "life" this typically refers to petri-dish stored cultures that are grown into slabs of tissue, not fully functioning life-forms.
One challenge that has emerged as species continue to colonize other planets, is that often those planets prove subtly hostile to their new colonists. To safely inhabit such a world, the colonists undergo a myriad of gene therapies to allow them to survive the environment. This process is rarely extreme and simply allows the colonists to drink water or eat foods that are slightly out of the safe norms of their species. Over time this could mean that different colonies would eventually become different species, however, a process known as genetic rendering has been widely adopted to curtail this possibility. The rendering process programs the additional adaptations within the colonists to cease mutation and ensures that they are not passed down to offspring.
This results in maintaining a "breed standard" or baseline throughout a species, and while evolution and mutations still occur, it ensures that this is occurring only within the unmodified portions of the genome. So long as colonies intermingle their populations occasionally over the millennia, they should generally remain a single unified species. This is not a very important idea to some species, but to others it is considered critical to maintain solidarity and unity throughout their empires.
The main downside of genetic rendering is that the adaptive gene therapy necessary for the parents of a child on a colonial world will need to be performed on the child separately as the genetic code for these adaptations was not passed down.
Cloning is a commonly known technology throughout the galaxy. However, rapid growth and gestation is not an easy feat and raising a creature to adulthood whilst inside a "tank" isn't efficient. Nor is it easy or cheap to "embed" skills or memories into cloned creatures (it often requires cybernetic implants), and copying/transferring consciousness is currently impossible.
As a result, the dream of a person cloning themselves both in body and mind, in order to somehow continue their existence (perhaps after their death) is in fact... just a dream. Instead, cloning is used most often for medical and research purposes, such as producing organs for transplants.
In some societies, cloning yourself is illegal, in others it's allowed but carries a significant tax that makes it all but impossible for the very wealthiest, and regardless it's essentially just yielding you a very similar child that one still has to raise and will eventually form a unique personality.It should be noted, that cloning does not (contrary to popular assumptions) induce any "transcription" errors, and that cloning a clone is perfectly safe and reliable. In rare instances, when a large population has been rendered sterile by disease or radiation, large-scale cloning has been utilized in the short term in order to prevent population collapse.
Medical facilities on larger ships would have the capacity to clone organs but would lack the capacity to clone a whole body, and cybernetic prosthesis are preferred for limb replacement (because a set number can be available in storage and thus utilized in surgeries far faster).