Substitutions: When the child substitutes one sound for another

• The child replaces "b" for "t."

Omissions: The child omits a certain sound.

• The child skips the "k" sound in words.

Additions: The child adds a sound into the word that does not belong

• Instead of saying "cap" the child says "ca-up"

Distortions: The child produces the sound in an incorrect manner and it affects the quality of the sound.

(Bauman-Waengler, 2020)