Embedded Files
Standard English
Standard English
Formal Standard English:
Used in written and formal spoken contexts; defined by usage guides and grammar texts
Informal Standard English:
Judged by American English speakers and focuses more on grammar than pronunciation
(Bauman-Waengler, 2020)
Vernacular Dialects
Vernacular Dialects
Marked by nonstandard grammatical structures
Display variations among speakers of the same vernacular
(Bauman-Waengler, 2020)
Regional Dialects in the United States
Regional Dialects in the United States
North: Northern Cities Vowel Shift; r-lessness in Eastern New England
South: Southern Vowel Shift; /ɑ/–/ɔ/ distinction with back upglide in /ɔ/
Midland: No major vowel shifts; notable fronting of /oʊ/ in South Midland
West: Merging of /ɑ/ and /ɔ/; fronting of /u/
(Bauman-Waengler, 2020)
(Bauman-Waengler, 2020, p. 233)
Appalachian vs. Ozark English
Appalachian vs. Ozark English
Both share phonological and grammatical similarities
Descended from a single dialect, diverging due to migration
(Bauman-Waengler, 2020)
Influence of Race, Culture, & Ethnicity
Influence of Race, Culture, & Ethnicity
Language features may transfer between languages within ethnic communities, such as Spanish-influenced dialects in the Southwest
Race: Defined by biological features.
Culture: Represents shared values, norms, and traditions of a group.
Ethnicity: Refers to commonalities like religion or region.
(Bauman-Waengler, 2020)
African American Vernacular English (AAVE)
African American Vernacular English (AAVE)
African-American Vernacular English (AAVE):
African-American Vernacular English (AAVE), also called Black English or African-American English, is a systematic, rule-governed dialect spoken by many African Americans in the U.S
Not all African Americans use AAVE; its use varies significantly based on age, gender, and socioeconomic status.
Age: Use tends to decrease with age; younger children use more dialectal forms than adults.
Gender: Males are more likely to use nonstandard vernacular forms compared to females.
Socioeconomic Status: Lower- and working-class African Americans use AAVE more than middle- and upper-middle-class African Americans, who are often better at code-switching between AAVE and SAE.
(Bauman-Waengler, 2020)
(Bauman-Waengler, 2020, p. 239)
(American Speech-Language-Hearing Association)
ASHA's Position on Dialects
ASHA's Position on Dialects
SLPs must distinguish between dialectal differences and true language disorders
Competencies for clinicians include:
recognizing dialectal patterns
understanding dialect-specific rules
using nondiscriminatory testing methods
(Bauman-Waengler, 2020)
Page updated
Google Sites
Report abuse