Diacritics

Dentalization: tongue approaches superior incisors

Palatization: anterior portions of the tongue approach the the palate

Velarization: palatal sound placement is moved back to velum

Lateralization: air is released laterally, we speak of lateralization.

Devoicing (of Voiced Sounds): voiced sounds are not voiced

Partial Devoicing: voiced sounds are partially voiced

Voicing (of Voiceless Sounds): voiceless sounds are voiced

Partial Voicing: voiceless sounds are partially voiced

Aspiration of Plosives: strong burst of breath at the end of a plosive

Nonaspiration of Plosives: lack of burst at the end of a plosive

Unreleased Plosives: closure is not released

Syllabic Consonants: vowel nucleus disappears

Labialization: unrounded consonant produced with lip rounding

Nonlabialization: rounded consonant produced without lip rounding

Derhotacization: loss of /r/ in rhotic vowel

Rounding: unrounded vowels are rounded

Unrounding: rounded vowels are unrounded

Changes in Tongue Placement: raising, lowering, advancing, or retracting the tongue with a deviation from the normal production of the vowel. 

Nasality: air escapes into the nasal cavity

Stress Markers: Displacement of stress is noted with primary and secondary stress markers. 

Duration Symbols: Shortening and lengthening of normal duration is noted with 3 different markers for slightly longer, clearly longer, and shortened duration.

Syllable Boundaries: Changes in syllable boundaries are marked with a period.