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Ultimately, however, his primary passion was still practical optics; he once wrote that "In all my experiments I could, owing to lack of time, pay attention to only those matters which appeared to have a bearing upon practical optics" Wikipedia,
Fraunhofer Linien - Absorptionslinien im Spektrum der Sonne
Inventor of the Spectroscope, Fraunhofer Lines & his own crownglass (less defects)
Physicist, Optical lens manufacturer & Orphan.
Earlier: Euklid, Plutarch, Ptolemy, Al-Kindi, Alhazen, Roger Bacon,
From Kepler, Descartes, Grimaldi,
Newton, Huygen, Hooke (Microscopy)
Fresnel, Young,
Fraunhofer, Faraday, Maxwell,
Karl Zeiss, Abbe,
Rayleigh, Taylor, 'Instability' Raman,
Planck,
Glauber, Mandel, Wolf
Gardiner, Zoller
Exactly in this order. (More details are following. This section will take long research due to its vast influence & history)
Consider, that the oil lamp, the arc lamps (Davy), or the lightbulbs(Edison) prevented vastly the 'crime during night time'.
Radiowaves utilize in their calculation the laws of optics. (merged with the fundamental electric engineering equation in classics and Maxwell)
1/√(ε0*μ0) ... "Let there be light."
(Paved the way by Weber, Proofed of Concept by Faradays Experiment, Accurately proofed the speed of light by Albert Abraham Michelson 1907)
From distance measurements until higher data transmission(THz) over glass fibers, did light enable preciser microscopic measurements, data transmission techniques until Radiation techniques. This includes imaging techniques from CT, MRI, or PET. The TEM was first introduced by Ernst Ruska (Nobleprice in Physics) for which he could resolve dead virus cells with his brother. This method has its physical limit at 0,05nm scale due to the smaller masses of electrons. On the other hand, there exists for microscopy the Abbe Limit (1873), where the resolution cannot be scaled below 200nm due to the lens. Prof. Hell couldn't accept this and pushed this boundary farther by inventing the STED microscopy which enables living organisms until the scale below.
By the way.. The Mitochondria scatter & bend the light in the eyes as well.
From the cranial nerves for seeing until the postprocessing in the occipital lobe, the spatial information is abstracted in colorpoints as spatial representation (point, area, volume.. letters, etc.).
Also to the Nobel Price 2017 in Medicine, light contains information, that is separated into 4 enzymes([CLK],[CYC], [PER], [TIM]), that produce our internal circadian time. This is the reason, why we get sleepy overnight due to the degradation of one protein over the day and the rebuild overnight.)
(btw the scent has a timer as well. Like a Geiger Counter for Materials.
Spectrums of two scents with the nearly same spectrum smell the same..
You can try to find in the database of 200 Million Proteins from Deepmind2022, the same scent. The Scent is also interlinked directly with long-term memory, differently from visual information. Even Alzheimer Patients can remember scents.)
Basically, you can detect the material composition with Fourier Analysis too. (NMR)
("What kind of material do I have here?". Light it or Radio it up.)
Side fact: If a very fast light pulse has to be produced (detect motion in atoms or experiments), obviously you have to mix many frequency spectrums.
A few femtoseconds (fs) would be the practical limit.
In the Microscopy, you kind of measure the wavelength.
So you can rotate the handle of the microscope finer and Zoom to finer resolution of the wavelength.
Between the focal point (= Brennpunkt), you can apply the Fouriertransformation.
Thus, these are the fundamentals for MRI Machines, which can be regarded.
(.. Course, also the Semiconductor classe is great.)
More? Books for Semiconductor Lasers:
Orazio Svelto - Principles of Lasers
"Optical Processes in Semiconductors" - Jacques I. Pankove. (Bell Labs)
"When a pulsed laser impacts a surface, the radiant exposure, i.e. the energy deposited per unit of surface, may be called energy density or fluence."
Optical Devices and Principles by Wikmedia
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Table_of_Opticks%2C_Cyclopaedia%2C_Volume_2.jpg/600px-Table_of_Opticks%2C_Cyclopaedia%2C_Volume_2.jpg
Since we have discussed in Physics, how to derive the Maxwell Equation, why don't we get a step further and discuss light?
After Faraday discovered the technical proof of light, meanwhile Fraunhofer crafted also his lenses. He discovered far fields, Spectrums, and further. Thus, by applying the triangulation rules of optics, on Maxwells-Equation (Electromagnetic Wave is light), we can extend the interpretation.
Thus it is not only possible to transmit light, but also 'Radiowaves'. Maybe peak into this source.
From Heinrich Hertz's Proof until the development of Radar, Engineers attempted to send Signals across Countries. First Telegraphs were attempted f.e. by Oliver Heaviside, who is not the very first. These are provided by Henry and Gauß. Heaviside's first job was being a telegrapher, which translated later into the development of the undersea cable. Then Radio by Marconis Antenna advanced by Hertzian Waves (Radio Life Boat Signal on the Titanic ship). Furthermore, during wartime, Radiosignals got used also for Scanning far fielded Objects (U-Boot Radar) or even the Earth's Surface. Radio Waves got even calculated on the upper stratosphere and ionosphere for reflection until they were even applied to satellites.
But on higher frequency of Radios was still the visible light and thus many astrophysicists scanned the sky for new objects.
Thus Swan Leavitt developed on top of her time a method to scale until 20 Million light years far away from her telescope. (More precisely her plates. + > her Spectrum Method) The curvature of the lenses were majoraly responsable how far you could magnify object across the sky.
Isn't this remarkable?
(Also check out 'Spectroscopy')
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