Bio Engineering

'Redundancy' called by Dr. Claude Shannon, also occur in the Gene.
F.e. The Gene for "Glucose Dehydrogenase" is transcribed redundant inside the human gene. Thus important functions are often redundant in Gene.
Shannon used to formulate before Wattson and Crick, methods how to find inside Bigram Models, Encoding Schemes. (Manfred Eigen - Nobel laureate coined the word 'Eigen Paradox')

More history: https://research.ncsu.edu/ges/research/history-project/