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Diffusionsgleichungen werden hier eingearbeitet mit den Autoren.
Ficks Law,
Reynold.
Einstein,
Schrödinger, Heisenberg, ..
> To be continued.
The smaller the structures, the finer the measurement scale. Each resistance & capacitance by a signel wire (nΩ, pF) in the width matters. Thus you cool the circuit into the absolute Zero (0 Kelvin) to mitigate noise. ('Superconductance' .. Zero Resistance) > Todays: Quantum Computers.
In an interview with the National Inventors Hall of Fame, Conway spoke about her motivation, saying that as a child, she spent a lot of her time in libraries: “I’ve been impacted in very deep ways by the stories of the adventures of people who’ve done cool things – adventures with technology, inventors, designers, discoverers.”
Lynn Conway, Interview: Article, 06.01.2023
Wonder about the Information Age and Inventor of Tools? Check out Silicon Valley! (60ties-Τοday)
(Precursor: Bell Labs)
Signal Processing (Example) towards TapeOut (in progress)
Short History of Semiconductor Industry
Short History of Semiconductor Industry
Elektronik- MPU (Ben Eater)
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLowKtXNTBypGqImE405J2565dvjafglHU
David Sharmann
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCeRXQ_B5WZD3yjPly45myvg
Einblick
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A72inYLzMFw&t=48s
Remarkable: The early wiring assistance was called 'Transistor Girls'. The wiring and soldering of these little parts required finer precision, hence clockmakers and female engineers were employed.
(40ties-70ties). Gold Wires were also placed and the practices in the clean Room came from Japan.
(Notable: The author and his wife didn't wash themselves for days just to prove in their study the probability of failure of transistors. > Yield Rates)
Also notable: Lab assistants in early Physic Experiments (electricity) before 18 century were actually females in Europe. (This included 'Economical Bookkeeping' and Language Translation (Compiler) due Households)
According to Pat Gelsinger, (2019) Carver Mead kind of invented a way to develop the polygons from Transistor designs (Without always the need of a High Physics Degree. Thus solving all the differential Equation and rather place the Polygons and Layout)
Example of Chip Design Decision from SGI Engineers (Graphics on Silicon for the early Arcade and Gaming Industry)
> Highly Recommended!
Also readable > Article
As listed above again: > Faggin Design Process & Economic Standpoints
The history of Computer Graphics began in the University of Utah.
From Ivan Sutherlands Contribution (Drawing on the Screen) in the 60ties until George Lucasfilms Graphic Departements. Earlyer on, DARPA financed these projects as well as these people from Utah, that went to Xerox Parc (Ultimately the Laserprinter, GUI in Homecomputer and Mouse)
Bill Gates thought in a recent interview this, as one of his major surprise moments, seeing the plotted ASCII Letters on the display and vice versa on the paper. (03/2023, Interview to ChatGPT)
Fairly to Note: Ivan Sutherland presented in his first talk, basics about quantum computing (particular SFC). He explained it in a physical layer.
> He is an Electric Engineer. (PhD in MIT)
Test and Verification
Test and Verification
Reminder, that the Gatelength determines the Clock Speed of the System.
In the early 90s, the Clockspeed fast limited to a few MHz for the μm scale. With better NA of the lenses from Nikon (and Zeiss), photolithography advanced until they reached the nanometer scale, as we explored. Gargini in Fairchild Semiconductor estimated that and they were aware of the EUV light or the invention of Bell Labs simultaneously by joining venture with IBM and so forth.
Interview with Pat Gelsinger:
Explained the Development of Tests and Verification
First Markets towards Homecomputer (by insights in Logic Design and Market decision)
Development of the entire Chip Industry by Intel Decisions (Also EDA)
(He was more first a Verification Engineer like baffling with Instruction Data, Pattern Generator, formal verification methods. Later: in Mobile Communication and International Standardization.)
> As Complexity grew, thus the number of Transistors (4k-> 300k+->1 Billion Transistors) , it was important how to actually Test the Chip with their few Pins (8 - 32)
Thus Self Built In Test were applied by using an area of the chip only for testing. (sometimes a third)
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