It's recently been hot in Annapolis (~early July 2026). I'm interested in how hot compared to other periods.
To answer this question we need data!
A good dataset to use is ERA5-land given it's long time series (1950 to present).
The European Commission via Destination Earth hosts the data on the Earth Data Hub.
You can query the data for a single point for Annapolis doing:
import os
import xarray as xr
ds = xr.open_dataset(
f"https://edh:{os.environ.get('EARTHDATAHUB_API_KEY')}@api.earthdatahub.destine.eu/era5/era5-land-daily-utc-v1.zarr",
chunks={},
engine="zarr",
zarr_format=3,
)
city = "Annapolis"
import requests
import pandas as pd
from geopy.geocoders import Photon, Nominatim
from geopy.adapters import GeocoderUnavailable
try:
location = Photon().geocode(city)
except GeocoderUnavailable:
location = Nominatim(user_agent="_").geocode(city) # latitude: 38.9786401, longitude: -76.492786
ds = ds.sel(latitude=location.point.latitude, longitude=location.point.longitude + 360, method="nearest")
ds_t2m = ds["t2m"] # ~20 minutes; 500 credits to get the full dataset
df_t2m = ds_t2m.to_pandas()
As of 7/7/2026 the data goes from 1950-01-01 to 2026-05-31