The Nile delta is situated in northern Egypt. where the River Nile reaches the Mediterranean Sea. The Nile is the longest river in the world. It originates near the equator and flows near 7000 km northward. The Delta begins approximately 20 km north of Cairo and extends North for about 150 km. The Nile Valley and the Nile Delta rank among the worlds most fertile farming areas and are surrounded by a highly arid environment. Mohamed Ali Pasha. the founder of modern Egypt. founded Zagazig in the 19th Century to dig canals for irrigation in the eastern section of the Nile Delta, cultivating more land and enriching the delta region. In 1883. Zagazig became the largest and most important city in the eastern Delta region. replacing the town of Belbeis. All the governmental bodies and institutes were transferred step by step from Belbeis to Zagazig, and employees worked in temporary offices before the first governmental institute was established in Zagazig in 1836. 

Zagazig is a large city along the eastern section of the Nile Delta in Egypt. Zagazig is the capital of Al Shargia Governorate in the east section of the Delta and overlooks the Nile, Mois, Ismailia Lakes, and the Muiz Canal. The city is located 8b kilometers northeast of cairo. the capital of Egypt. A 2010 census conducted by the Egyptian Government estimated the city's population at more than 1.5 million. Zagazig remains one of the Nile Delta's largest and most important cities, along with Mansoura, Tanta, and El Mahala.