Blastocladiomycota
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Basic Mycology
Morphology
Morphology
The phylum Blastocladiomycota has individuals that reproduce by means of uniflagellate zoospores. The sporangia of P. maydis measure between 20.66 and 25.82 µm in diameter.
O filo Blastocladiomycota possui indivíduos que se reproduzem por meio de zoósporos uniflagelados. Os esporângios de P. maydis medem entre 20,66 e 25,82 µm de diâmetro.
Systematic
Systematic
Both belonging to the phylum Blastocladiomycota, Physoderma alfafae is located in the class Blastocladiomycetes, order Blastocladiales. The fungus Physoderma maydis is located in the class Physodermatomycetes, order Physodermatales.
Ambos pertencentes ao filo Blastocladiomycota, Physoderma alfafae situa-se na classe Blastocladiomycetes, ordem Blastocladiales. Já o fungo Physoderma maydis situa-se na classe Physodermatomycetes, ordem Physodermatales.
Species of economic importance
Species of economic importance
The phylum Blastocladiomycota includes Physoderma alfafae and Physoderma maydis, which are the causal agents of alfalfa crown wart disease and brown spot disease of maize, respectively. In P. maydis, symptoms are characterized by the presence of numerous small, yellowish to brown, round or oval spots, which usually occur in broad bands on the leaf and brownish, purple to black oval spots may also occur on the midrib of the leaf.
O filo Blastocladiomycota contempla os patógenos Physoderma alfafae e Physoderma maydis e, agentes causais da galha da coroa da alfafa e da mancha parda do milho, respectivamente. Em P. maydis, os sintomas são caracterizados pela presença de numerosas manchas pequenas, amareladas a marrons, redondas ou ovais, que geralmente ocorrem em faixas largas na folha e manchas ovais amarronzadas, roxas a pretas, também podem ocorrer na nervura central da folha.
Ecology
Ecology
The fungus Physoderma maydis survives in soil or infected tissue through sporangia, which under favorable conditions, in the presence of water, release zoospores. Resting sporangia appear to originate from sexual reproduction, resulting from (1) plasmogamy between haploid and uniflagellate zoospores. Next, (2) karyogamy occurs to form the biflagellate (2N) zygote, which (3) encysts and infects the host, forming the (4) resting sporangium, where meiosis occurs before (5) the release of zoospores.
O fungo P. maydis sobrevive no solo ou tecido infectado por meio de esporângios, os quais sob condições favoráveis, na presença de água, libera zoósporos. Os esporângios de repouso parecem ser originários de reprodução sexual, resultado da (1) plasmogamia entre zoósporos haplóides e uniflagelados. Em seguida, ocorre a (2) cariogamia para formação do zigoto (2N) biflagelado, o qual se (3) encista e infecta o hospedeiro, formando o (4) esporângio do repouso, onde ocorre a meiose antes da (5) liberação de zoósporos.
Image: Physoderma maydis - Clemson University - USDA Cooperative Extension Slide Series , Bugwood.org
To citing life cycle figure from this site: CARVALHO, D.D.C. A bold scientific dissemination project in the area of phytopathology. Available at: https://sites.google.com/view/danieldiegocostacarvalho/home
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