All computer networks rely on a combination of physical and wireless hardware to connect devices and manage the flow of data. In this lesson, we’ll explore the components that make this possible and how different network layouts (topologies) impact performance and reliability.
Learning Objectives:
Identify key pieces of network hardware and their functions.
Explain the purpose of switches, routers, WAPs, and NICs.
Describe the differences between star and mesh topologies.
Evaluate which topology is suitable for different environments.
Terminology:
NIC (Network Interface Controller): A hardware component that connects a computer to a network.
Switch: A device that filters and forwards packets between LAN segments.
Router: Directs data between different networks.
WAP (Wireless Access Point): Enables wireless devices to join a wired network.
Transmission Media: The physical path (e.g. cables) used to transmit data.
Star Topology: A layout where all devices connect to a central hub.
Mesh Topology: A layout where devices connect to many others.
Redundancy: Multiple paths in a network to ensure reliability.
NICs allow devices to connect to a network, either wired or wirelessly. Switches use MAC addresses to send data to the correct device within a LAN. Routers handle connections between different networks, such as between your home network and the internet. Wireless Access Points make it possible for wireless devices to join a wired network.
The way devices are arranged in a network is called its topology. In a star topology, each device connects to a central switch, making it easy to manage and isolate faults. In a mesh topology, devices are interconnected, offering redundancy—if one connection fails, data can take another route.
Engaging Example:
Think about how your school’s network is set up. Computers in a computer lab are likely connected in a star layout, where each machine connects to a central switch. But imagine a music festival where reliability is critical—mesh networks ensure performers’ data streams don’t fail even if one link breaks.
Common Mistakes:
Thinking routers and switches do the same job.
Believing mesh topology is always better regardless of cost or complexity.
Revision Summary:
Network hardware like NICs, switches, routers, and WAPs are essential for connectivity.
Star topology is simple and scalable but has a central point of failure.
Mesh topology is highly reliable but expensive and complex to set up.
Comprehension Questions:
What is the role of a switch in a network?
How does a router differ from a switch?
What does a NIC do?
Define a Wireless Access Point.
What are two types of transmission media?
What is the advantage of a mesh topology?
What is the disadvantage of a star topology?
When would you use a mesh network?
What happens if the central hub in a star network fails?
Why are mesh networks more fault-tolerant?
Individual Activity:
Draw a diagram showing both a star and a mesh topology. Label the key components and note one advantage and disadvantage for each.
Pair Activity:
With a partner, research and list the equipment used to set up a home network. Identify the function of each item.
Small Group Activity:
In groups, design a network layout for a small business with 10 employees. Decide whether a star or mesh topology is best, justify your choice, and present it to the class.