Understanding the basics of how computer networks are structured and function is essential to grasp how we communicate digitally today. In this lesson, you will learn what networks are, the different types of networks, and the factors that affect their performance.
Learning Objectives:
Define LAN and WAN and distinguish between them.
Identify the key factors that affect network performance.
Understand how bandwidth, hardware, and interference influence data transfer.
Evaluate real-world examples of network usage.
Terminology:
LAN (Local Area Network): A network that connects devices within a small geographical area.
WAN (Wide Area Network): A network that spans a large geographical area using third-party infrastructure.
Bandwidth: The amount of data that can be transmitted per second.
Latency: The delay between a signal being sent and received.
Error Rate: Frequency of data transmission errors.
Congestion: A state where too many devices are using the network, reducing performance.
Local Area Networks (LANs) are used in schools, homes, and small businesses. These networks are privately maintained and provide fast, low-latency communication. Wide Area Networks (WANs), like the Internet, cover much larger areas and typically rely on rented infrastructure like satellite links or fibre leased lines.
Performance issues in networks are common. For instance, during a school break, many students try streaming videos simultaneously, causing the network to slow down. This is due to limited bandwidth and high user demand. Likewise, interference from other wireless devices can reduce signal quality in a Wi-Fi network.
Common Mistakes:
Mistaking the Internet for the World Wide Web.
Assuming more bandwidth always means faster internet (ignoring congestion and interference).
Revision Summary:
LANs are local, high-speed, private networks.
WANs span wide areas and depend on external infrastructure.
Performance depends on bandwidth, hardware, and interference.
Comprehension Questions:
What does LAN stand for?
What are two key differences between LANs and WANs?
Define bandwidth in your own words.
What can cause congestion on a network?
How does interference affect wireless networks?
Give an example of where you would use a LAN.
Why is a WAN more expensive than a LAN?
What is latency, and why does it matter?
What happens when too many users access a network?
How does network hardware affect performance?
Individual Activity:
Create a labelled diagram showing a LAN setup in your home or school. Include devices, cables, switches, and routers.
Pair Activity:
Interview your partner about a time when their internet was slow. Identify whether the issue was likely due to bandwidth, interference, or hardware.
Small Group Activity:
Simulate a congested network using a classroom game: each group represents a user sending messages to a central hub (teacher). Introduce more groups and track how performance slows.