Ancient Greek Chronological table (1299-1220 BC)

1299 BC | Pelops held a competition at Olympia. [Paus.5.8.2]

1299 BC | Picus, son of Saturnus, migrated from Testruna south of Rome and founded Laurentum. [Euseb.Chron.283]

1298 BC | Bias, son of Amythaon, married Lysippe, daughter of Megapenthes. [Apo.2.2.2]

** Argeus, son of Megapenthes, fearing Mycenae, seems to have married his sister to the son of Amythaon, the leader of Eleia at the time.

1297 BC | Sthenelus, son of Perseus, married Antibia, daughter of Amphidamas. [FGrH.333.68]

1297 BC | Eleius, son of Eurycyda of Elis, married Nausidame, daughter of Amphidamas of Arcadia. [Hyginus.14]

1295 BC | Damasistratus founded Plataea. [Estimated from Apo.3.5.8, Paus.10.5.4]

** Damasistratus appears to be the younger brother of Chaeresilaus, the father of Poemander, the founder of Tanagra.

1295 BC | Pandion was driven from Athens by the sons of Metion and exiled to Megara. [Apo.3.15.5, Paus.1.5.3, Paus.1.39.4]

1295 BC | Scyrius moved from Scyros to Salamis to succeed Cychreus. [Estimated from Plut.These.10]

** Scyrius and Cychreus appear to be the sons of Cecrops, king of Athens. Scyrius' wife was Chariclo, daughter of Cychreus. [Plut.These.10]

1295 BC | Mieza and Beroea are founded in Macedonia. [StephByz.M452.1]

** Mieza and Beroea were the names of the daughters of Beres, the son of Macedon, the son of Aeolus. [StephByz.M452.1]

1294 BC | Amythaon held the Olympia competitions. [Paus.5.8.2]

1294 BC | Oedipus was born the son of Laius and Jocasta. [Diod.4.63.5, Paus.9.5.10]

1293 BC | Cercaphus, son of Aeolus, migrated from near the Peneius River to Itonus. Cercaphus took Eupolemeia, daughter of Myrmidon of Phthia, as his wife. [Apollo.1.51, Strabo.9.5.18]

1293 BC | Bias, son of Amythaon, married Pero, daughter of Neleus. [Apo.1.9.13, Apollo.1.118]

1292 BC|Amythaon died.

1292 BC | Neleus migrated Amythaon's sons, Melampus and Bias, south of Eleia. [Apo.1.9.11, Home.Od.15.220, Strabo.8.6.10]

1290 BC | Melampus was ceded 1/3 of Argos by Anaxagoras, son of Argeus. [Apo.2.2.2, Diod.4.68.4, Paus.2.18.4, Herod.9.34]

1290 BC | Bias was ceded 1/3 of Argos by Anaxagoras. [Paus.2.18.4]

** Anaxagoras sent his aunt Iphianeira's husband Melampus and his brother Bias to live in Argos to counter the growing power of Mycenae. [Diod.4.68.5]

** The insanity of the woman Melampus cured seems to be drunkenness [Ovid.Meta.15.307] or constipation [Plin.25.47].

1290 BC | A son Eurytus was born to Melaneus of Oechalia in Messenia. [Paus.4.3.10, Hesiod.CW.F79]

1290 BC | Helius, son of Perseus, founded Helos on the shores of the Gulf of Laconia. [Paus.3.20.6, Strabo.8.5.2]

1290 BC | Chrysippus, son of Pelops, died. [Paus.6.20.7]

1290 BC | Hippodamia was driven from Pisa by Pelops and exiled to Midea. [Paus.6.20.7]

** Hippodamia's son-in-law Electryon lived in Mideia [Paus.2.25.9]

** Elis later followed the oracle and carried Hippodamia's remains to Olympia. [Paus.6.20.7]

** Hippodamia's remains were in Midea, so she appears to have died before Pelops.

** Atreus and Thyestes, who were advised by Hippodamia to kill Chrysippus, did so, and Hippodamia was blamed by Pelops and committed suicide. [Hyginus.85, 243]

** Atreus and Thyestes were advised by Hippodamia to kill Chrysippus, but they refused and Hippodamia killed Chrysippus herself. [Plut.Mor.313e]

** Hippodamia and her sons killed Chrysippus. [Euri.Scho.Or.5.1, FGrH.Nr4.F157] Pelops killed Chrysippus. [Dic:Atreus]

1290 BC | Perseus' daughter Autochthe married Pelops. [Estimated from Tzetzes on Lycophron, Alexandra 494]

** The mother of Atreus and Thyestes may have been Autochthe, not Hippodamia.

1290 BC | Minos returned to Crete from Troas. [Estimated from Plato.Gor.524a, Plut.Mor.121c, Suda.mu.1092]

** Minos and Rhadamanthys originated in Asia, not Crete. [Plato.Gor.524a, Plut.Mor.121c, Suda.mu.1092]

1288 BC | Aeacus, son of Actor, founded Dia in Thessaly. [StephByz.D229.1]

1287 BC | Aeacus, son of Actor, emigrated from Dia to the island of Aegina. [Estimated from StephByz.D229.1]

1287 BC | Pandion, the eighth king of Athens, died of illness in his exile in Megara. [Paus.1.5.3-4]

1287 BC | Pandion's adopted son Aegeus became the 9th King of Athens at Megara. [Paus.1.5.4]

1287 BC | Amphitryon, son of Alcaeus, married Laonome, daughter of Guneus of Pheneus. [Estimated from Apo.2.4.5, Paus.8.14.9]

1287 BC | Aeacus adjudicates a dispute between Pandion's son Nisus and Pandion's son-in-law Sciron over the succession of Megara. [Paus.1.39.6]

** Scirius (or Sciron or Chiron or Scirus), the father of Aeacus' two wives, was the biological father of Pandion's adopted son Aegeus. [Apo.3.12.6, Apo.3.15.5, FGrH.333.60, Hyginus.14, Paus.2.29.9, Plut.These.10, Plut.These.35]

** In other words, Aeacus and Aegeus were stepbrothers, and Nisus and Sciron were also stepbrothers through Aegeus. It is likely that Aegeus, king of Athens at the time, had Aeacus, who was famous among his stepbrothers as a pious man, arbitrate a dispute between his stepbrothers. [Apo.3.12.6]

1286 BC | Iphicles was born the son of Amphitryon, son of Alcaeus. [Pindar.170, Apo.2.4.5]

1286 BC | Oedipus was adopted by Polybus of Corinth. [Apo.3.5.7, Strabo.8.6.22]

**Oedipus may have been adopted because he had several older siblings. [Paus.9.26.3]

1285 BC | Lysianassa was born as the daughter of Polybus and Periboea. [Paus.2.6.6]

1285 BC | Actor, son of Phorbas, migrated from Olenus near the sea west of Elis and founded Hyrmina, named after his mother. [Paus.5.1.11]

1285 BC | Aegeus returned from Megara to Athens and exiled the sons of Metion. [Paus.1.5.4]

1285 BC | Pittheus, son of Pelops, founded Troezen. [Paus.2.30.9]

1285 BC | Alcippe, daughter of Oenomaus, married from Pisa to Evenus of Pleuron. [Plut.Mor.315e]

1285 BC | Polemon's son Naxos moved to the island of Dia and changed its name to Naxos. [Diod.5.51.3]

1285 BC | The epic poet Linus studied the Phoenician language and letters and devised Pelasgic letters. [Estimated from Tacit.Ann.11.14]

** Linus then emigrated from Thebes to Chalcis on the island of Euboea. [Diogenes.1.4, Suda.lambda. 568]

1280 BC | Pyttius moved from Thessaly to Eleia and founded Buprasium. [Paus.5.1.11, Strabo.8.3.8]

** Automedon, son of Diores, son of Amarynceus, son of Pyttius, was charioteer of Achilles. [Dictys.2.34]

** Automedon was a member of the Myrmidons, and Pyttius appears to be the son of Actor, son of Myrmidon. [Dictys.2.34]

** Buprasium was near the hill of Alesium. [Home.11.737]

** It was near Salmone, on the road from Elis to Olympia. [Strabo.8.3.10]

** Phthia, the birthplace of Pyttius, was near the birthplace of Salmoneus, the founder of Salmone. Pyttius moved to Eleia, relying on Salmoneus.

1280 BC | Aphareus, son of Perieres, left Andania to his brother Leucippus, and moved to the west coast of Messenia and founded Arene. [Paus.4.2.4]

** Idas seems to have succeeded his father Aphareus and lived in Arene, and Lynceus in Papae. [FGrH.Nr790.F50]

1280 BC | Sarpedon emigrated from Crete to Milyas in Lycia, followed by his brother Minos. [Herod.1.173]

** The family was called Termilae by the indigenous people Solymi. [Herod.1.173]

1280 BC | Miletus, son of Aria, daughter of Cleochus, was chased by Minos and migrated from Crete to Anactria, where he founded Miletus. [Paus.7.2.5]

1280 BC | The son of Pellen and Gonussa founded Gonussa near Pellene. [Estimated from Newton.Chro.62]

1279 BC | Neleus and Pelias jointly held a competition at Olympia. [Paus.5.8.2]

1279 BC | Cephalus, son of Deion, was commissioned by Thebes to fight against Alopekos of Haliartus and was victorious. [Plut.Lysand.29, Tzetzes.1.560]

** Cephalus lived in Thoricus of Attica. [Apo.2.4.7, FGrH.Nr333.F34]

** Hyginus names Cephalus son of Deione as one of the kings of the Athenians. [Hyginus.48]

** In other historical sources [Apo.3.15.5, Paus.1.39.4, Strabo.9.1.6], Nisus is described as the son of Pandion, but Hyginus is said to be the son of Deion. [Hyginus.198]

** Cephalus therefore appears to be the son of Pandion. [Estimated from Hyginus.48, 198]

** Cephalus sent Cynas, the general of Minos, to fight against Alopekos. [Tzetzes.1.560]

** Alopekos (or Alopecus) is the grandson of Haliartus, the founder of Haliartus, and is thought to be a cousin of Megareus, son of Hippomenes (or Oncestus).

** Haliartus was located between Thebes and Orchomenus and was a disputed area between the two.

** In 395 BC lived the Sparti Neochorus. [Plut.Lysand.29, Plut.OraDelp.27]

** The Teumessian fox [Ovid.Meta.7.762, Paus.9.19.1] or Teumesian lion [Statius.4.74] seems to be Alopekos.

** In Haliartus there was the Hill of Alopecus, also called the Hill of Fox. [Plut.Lysand.29]

** Laelaps, a dog that never misses its prey, is thought to have been Cynas, the general of Minos. [Hyginus.189]

1278 BC | Ariadne, daughter of Minos, was married from Crete to Oenarus, a priest of Dionysus of Naxos. [Plut.These.20]

1278 BC | Amphitryon was invited by Sparti to migrate to Thebes. [Apo.2.4.6, Pind.Py.9.80]

** It appears to be a fiction that Amphitryon accidentally killed his uncle Electryon and was exiled. [Apo.2.4.6]

1277 BC | Neleus took Chloris, daughter of Amphion of Orchomenus, as his wife. [Diod.4.68.6, Hyginus.97, Paus.9.36.8, Home.Od.11.281]

** Chloris was accompanied by many Minyans who migrated to Pylus. [Strabo.8.3.19]

** The Minyans relocated to Triphylia near Lepreatic Pylus after Pylus was destroyed by Heracles. [Strabo.8.3.19]

1277 BC | Cephalus, son of Deion, killed his wife Procris and exiled to Thebes. [Apo.2.4.7, Strabo.10.2.20]

** Cephalus was tried and sentenced to exile at the Areopagus. [FGrH.Nr4.F169a]

** Cephalus killed Procris by accident. [FGrH.Nr333.F34]

** Negligent homicide is outside the jurisdiction of Areopagus, and Cephalus' murder of Procris is a fiction. Cephalus was exiled by his stepbrother Aegeus. [Estimated]

1277 BC | Amphitryon, together with Cephalus son of Deion, and others went on an expedition to the land of the Teleboans. [Apo.2.4.7, Paus.1.37.6, Strabo.10.2.14]

** The migration of Perseus's son Helius to northwestern Greece, assisted by his brother Electryon and his nephew Amphitryon, and joined by Cephalus. [Estimated]

** Helius had founded Helos on the shores of the Gulf of Laconia. [Paus.3.20.6, Strabo.8.5.2]

1277 BC | Helius, son of Perseus, migrated to the Echinades. [Apo.2.4.5, Apo.2.4.7]

1277 BC | On an expedition, Electryon and his sons died, and Amphitryon took the orphans Alcmena and Licymnius to Thebes. [Apo.2.4.8]

1277 BC | Sthenelus, son of Perseus, leaves Midea in charge of Atreus and Thyestes. [Apo.2.4.6]

** Probably because Atreus and Thyestes were the sons of sister Autochthe, rather than because they were brothers of Sthenelus' wife.

** Hippodamia gave birth to six sons. [Pind.Ol.1.89]

** Atreus was the firstborn. [Tzetzes.1.420] the eldest, Atreus. [Euri.Scho.Or.5.1]

** Thyestes as the firstborn, the second-born, Atreus. [Euri.Scho.Or.12.3]

** So, the mother of Atreus and Thyestes was not Hippodamia, but Autochthe, daughter of Perseus.

1277 BC | Amphitryon dedicated the quills he had obtained from the Teleboans to the temple of Thebes. [Herod.5.59]

1277 BC | Lycus, son of Pandion, chased by Aegeus, went to Aphareus of Arene in Messenia and held a secret council in Andania. [Paus.4.2.6]

1277 BC | Orneus, son of Pandion, chased by Aegeus, migrates to the frontier of Argolis near Phlius and founded Orneae. [Paus.2.25.6]

** Pausanias attributes Orneus' father to Erechtehus. [Paus.2.25.6]

** If Orneus' father was the sixth king of Athens, then Menestheus, son of Peteus, son of Orneus, was a contemporary of Aegeus, son of Pandion, son of Cecrops (son of Erechtehus).

** However, while Menestheus is from the Trojan War era, Aegeus is from before that.

** The Trojan War was the era of the grandson of Aegeus, and Erechtehus here seems to be another name for Pandion, the 8th king of Athens.

1277 BC | Lycus, son of Pandion, migrated from Messenia to Asia Minor and settled with Sarpedon of Milyas in Lycia. [Herod.1.173]

** After this, it was called Lycia after Lycus. [Herod.1.173]

1277 BC | Those chased by Aegeus migrated to Caphyae near Orchomenus, relying on Cepheus, son of Aleus of Arcadia. [Paus.8.23.3]

** Legend has it that Caphyae was founded by Aeneas, the grandson of Capys, but it seems to have been created to receive the protection of Rome. [Antiq.1.49.1, Strabo.13.1.53]

1277 BC | Pandion's son Teuthrantus fled from Aegeus and migrated to Boeotia, where he founded Thespiae. [Estimated from StephByz.Th310.9]

1276 BC | Amphitryon married his cousin Alcmena. [Apo.2.4.8, Herod.2.145]

1276 BC | Polybus succeeded his grandfather Sicyon as king and migrated from Tenea in Corinth to Sicyon. [Euseb.175, Paus.2.6.6]

** Oedipus seems to have ruled the village of Tenea, succeeding Polybus who had migrated to Sicyon.

1276 BC | Oedipus of Corinth married Iocasta, daughter of Hyperphas. [FGrH.Nr333.F95]

** The marriage was intended to legitimize Oedipus' succession to Tenea, and Hyperphas appears to be a member of Corinth's ruling class.

< Heracles’ Thebes period (24 years) >

1275 BC | Heracles was born in Thebes, the son of Amphitryon and Alcmena. [Herod.6.53, Paus.5.8.3, Apo.2.4.5]

1275 BC | Eurystheus was born in Mycenae, the son of Sthenelus. [Apo.2.4.5]

** Eurystheus and Heracles were born in the same year. [Apo.2.4.5, Home.Il.19.95]

1270 BC | Poemander, son of Chaeresilaus, son of Iasius, son of Eleuther, son of Aethusa, emigrated from Eleutherae and founded Tanagra. [Paus.9.20.1]

** The Poemander lived together with the Gephyraeans.

** Poemander's grandson Poemander expelled the Gephyraeans from around Tanagra in 1200 BC. [Herod.5.61]

** Shortly after the Epigoni attack on Thebes, the Gephyraeans were chased by the Boeotians and migrated to Athens. [Herod.5.61]

1268 BC | Pelops died at Pisa. [Paus.5.13.4]

1268 BC | Jason went on an expedition to Colchis with the Minyans of Iolcus. [Estimated from FGrH.Nr8.F3]

** There seems to have been contact between the two countries after Presbon, son of Athamas, returned from Colchis to Boeotia in 1360 BC.

** It is thought that Jason's expedition to Colchis was inspired by the navigational skills of the Minyans. [Paus.9.34.8]

1268 BC | Jason married Medea, daughter of Aeetes. [Diod.4.46.4, Paus.2.3.11]

1268 BC | Heracles' half-brother Iphicles married Automedusa, daughter of Alcathous, son of Pelops. [Apo.2.4.11]

** The marriage of Iphicles and Automedusa was a marriage of a generation after that of the sons of Perseus and the daughters of Pelops.

** Iphicles was the great-grandson of Perseus, and Automedusa was the granddaughter of Pelops.

1267 BC | Iolaus was born in Thebes, the son of Iphicles and Automedusa. [Apo.2.4.11]

1265 BC | Amphitryon made Heracles a priest for a one-year term in the temple of Apollo Ismenias and dedicated the bronze quill. [Paus.9.10.4]

1265 BC | Corinthus, son of Marathon, king of Corinth, died. [Paus.2.3.10]

1265 BC | Hipponous, son of Dexamenus, migrated from Olenus in Achaia to Aetolia and founded Olenus. [Strabo.8.7.4]

** Pleuron, near Olenus, was the birthplace of Molione, the wife of Dexamenus' brother Actor. [FGrH.333.79]

1265 BC | Tyndareus, son of Oebalus, emigrated from Sparta to Aetolia. [Apo.3.10.5, Strabo.10.2.24, Paus.3.1.4]

** Hippocoon banished Tyndareus and Icarius. [Apo.3.10.5, Strabo.10.2.24]

** Hippocoon banished Tyndareus. [Paus.3.1.4]

** It was a voluntary migration of Tyndareus, and it was Idas, not Icarius, who migrated with Tyndareus.

** Tyndareus seems to have immigrated with the help of his cousin Eurythemis, who was married to Thestius of Pleuron.

1265 BC | Idas married Marpessa, daughter of Evenus of Pleuron. [Apo.1.7.8, Paus.4.2.7]

** It is assumed that Tyndareus went to Aphareus before going to Pleuron, and Idas, who was about the same age, went to Pleuron with him. [Paus.3.1.4]

** Idas' mother Arene was Tyndareus' older sister. So, Idas was Tyndareus' nephew.

1265 BC | Hyettus killed Molurus, son of Arisbas, migrated from Argos to Boeotia, and founded Hyettus. [Paus.9.36.6]

** Hyettus appears to be the son of Bias, son of Amythaon, son of Tyro, daughter of Salmoneus, son of Aeolus, son of Hippotes.

** Hyettus was given land by Orchomenus, son of Minyas.

** Orchomenus was the son of Minyas, the son of Chryses, the son of Chrysogeneia, the daughter of Almus, the son of Sisyphus.

** In other words, Hyettus migrated with the help of Orchomenus, also an Aeolis.

** Aribas appears to be the son of Melampus.

1265 BC | Eleuther, son of Aethusa, settled near Mount Cithaeron and founded Eleutherae. [StephByz.E265.10]

1264 BC | Mantius, son of Melampus, exiled to Calydon. [Estimated from Apo.1.7.7]

** Calydon was married to Aeolia, the sister of Mantius' father Melampus. [Estimated from Apo.1.7.7 and marriage with Oecleus and Hypermnestra]

1264 BC | Oecleus, son of Mantius, married Hypermnestra, daughter of Thestius of Pleuron. [Diod. 4.68.5, Hyginus.70, Paus.6.17.6]

1264 BC | Laius, son of Labdacus, died on the Cleft Road near Panopeus in Phocis. [Apo.3.15.7, Paus.10.5.4]

** During Roman times, the Phlegyans lived in the Panopeus of Phocis. [Paus.10.4.1]

** In 1215 BC, the Phlegyans came from the Minyan country to side with Thebes. [Paus.9.9.2]

** Damasistratus of Plataea buried the body of Laius. [Apo.3.5.8, Paus.10.5.4]

** The wife of Damasistratus appears to be Plataea, sister of Tanagra, daughter of the river god Asopus. [Estimated]

** Damasistratus' father Iasius was the brother of Laius' guardian Amphion. [Estimated from Paus.9.20.1]

** Laius appears to have fought with Damasistratus of Plataea against Tityus of Panopeus and was killed in battle.

1264 BC | The son of Crius of Euboea was slain after ravaging the sanctuary of Delphi and its surroundings. [Paus.10.6.6, Paus.10.7.1]

** It was Apollo who killed Crius' son. [Paus.10.6.6] Apollo killed Tityos, son of Elare, daughter of Orchomenus. [Apo.1.4.1]

** From the above, it is assumed that Crius' son was Tityos, son of Elare.

** Tityos' tomb was at Panopeus. [Paus.10.4.5]

** Tityus' daughter Europa lived near the Cephisus River. [Pind.Py.4.45]

** For this reason, Tityus emigrated from Euboea, where his father Crius lived, to near Orchomenus, where his grandfather lived, and lived in Panopeus of Phocis.

1264 BC | Creon became king of Thebes. [Apo.3.5.8, Hyginus.67]

** Laius seems to have had many sons. Creon was not a king, but seems to have been the guardian of Laius' son.

1264 BC | Androgeus, son of Minos, was killed in Athens under Aegeus. [Apo.3.15.8, Diod.4.60.5]

** Aegeus killed Androgeus because he was close to the sons of his political rival Pallas. [Diod.4.60.4-5]

** Androgeus, son of Minos, was on his way to Thebes to take part in Laius' funeral competitions. [Apo.3.15.7]

** Androgeus was killed by Marathon's bulls. [Apo.3.15.8, Paus.1.27.10]

** Androgeus was killed during the war. [Hyginus.41]

** After this, the battle between Minos and Megara is reported, but the battle between Minos and Athens is unknown.

1264 BC | Minos attacked Megara under Nisus, son of Pandion. [Apo.3.15.8]

1264 BC | Minos attacked the island of Ceos and took Dexithea captive, making her his wife. [Apo.3.1.2, Bacchy.1.180]

** Dexithea appears to be a descendant of a child left by Aristaeus on the island of Ceos. [Diod.4.82.4]

1264 BC | Nisus, son of Pandion, was killed in battle against Minos. [Apo.3.15.8, Paus.1.39.5]

1264 BC | Megareus, son of Hippomenes, rushed from Onchestus to Megara, fought Minos, and was killed in battle. [Apo.3.15.8, Paus.1.39.5]

1264 BC | Minos' brother Rhadamanthys migrated to Onchestus. [Apo.2.4.11, Plut.Lysa.28]

** Minos and Thebes had good relations. [Apo.3.15.7, Tzetzes.1.560]

1264 BC | Alcathous, son of Pelops, succeeded King Megara and built a wall. [Paus.1.41.6, Paus.1.42.4]

** Since the tomb of Alcathous' first wife Pyrgo was located in Megara, it is estimated as follows. [Paus.1.43.4]

** Pyrgo was the daughter of Sciron, son of Pylas, who competed with Nisus for kingship. Nisus and his son-in-law Megareus were both killed in battle, leaving Megara without any heirs.

** Pyrgo's husband Alcathous inherited Megara, and Alcathous took Nisus' granddaughter Euaechme as his wife after his wife Pyrgo died.

** Alcathous also sided with Nisus and made peace with Minos after Nisus' death. Periboea, daughter of Alcathous, also became a tribute. [Paus.1.17.3; 1.42.2]

1264 BC | Aegeus exiled to Pittheus of Troezen. [Apo.3.15.8, estimated from Euri.SupW.1]

** Alcathous appears to have introduced Pittheus of Troezen as a place of asylum to Aegeus, who had been exiled by the sons of Pallas.

1264 BC | Minos colonizes the island of Aegina with Cretans [Estimated from Strabo.8.6.16]

1263 BC | Theseus was born in Troezen, the son of Aegeus and Aethra. [Apo.3.16.1, Euseb.185, Hyginus.14]

** Pittheus, Aethra's father, married her to Aegeus according to oracle. [Euri.SupW.1]

** It appears that Aegeus' return was aided by Troezen's two sons, Anaphlystus and Sphettus, who migrated from Troezen to Attica. [Paus.2.30.9]

** Since Sphettus is among the twelve towns that were brought together during the reign of Theseus, the migration of Sphettus seems to predate the time of Theseus. [Strabo.9.1.20]

1263 BC | Amphiaraus was born the son of Oecleus and Hypermnestra. [Home.Od.15.220, Hyginus.70, Paus.6.17.6, Diod.4.68.5]

** Amphiaraus joined the Calydonian Boar Hunt from Argos. [Apo.1.8.2]

** Amphiaraus took part in Adrastus' attack on Thebes from Pylos. [Hyginus.70]

1263 BC | Asclepius was born in Tricca. [Strabo.14.1.39]

1262 BC | Aegeus returns to Athens with the help of Troezen's sons, Anaphlystus and Sphettus. [Estimated from Paus.2.30.9]

1262 BC | Anaphlystus, son of Troezen, founded Anaphlystus in Attica. [Paus.2.30.9]

1262 BC | Sphettus, son of Troezen, founded Sphettus in Attica. [Paus.2.30.9]

1262 BC | Heracles murdered Linus, the son of Ismenius, the musician. [Aelia.3.32, Paus.9.29.9]

** The father of the epic poet Linus was Amphimarus. Heracles and the epic poet Linus lived at the same time, but it is thought that they did not know each other.

1262 BC | Picus died and Faunus succeeded Laurentum. [Euseb.Chron.283]

1262 BC | Sthenelus of Mycenae died. [Estimated]

1262 BC | Eurystheus, son of Sthenelus, became king of Mycenae. [Euseb.Chron.179, Strabo.8.6.19]

1262 BC | Opus, son of Locrus, founded Opus in Locris. [Pind.Ol.9.65]

1262 BC|Actor's son Menoetius migrated from Phthia to Locris and took part in the founding of Opus. [Pind.Ol.9.65]

** Menoetius gained Opus' confidence and was given charge of the town. [Pind.Ol.9.65]

1260 BC | Aeacus prayed for rain during the drought in Athens and Greece. [Cleme.Str.6.3, Diod.4.61.1, Paus.1.44.9, Paus.2.29.7, Paus.2.30.4]

1260 BC | Heracles' cousin Oeonus, son of Licymnius, was killed by the sons of Hippocoon. [Diod.4.33.5, Paus.3.15.4]

1260 BC | Peteus, son of Oeneus, was chased by Aegeus and migrated from Stiria in Attica to Phocis, where he founded Stiris. [Paus.10.35.8]

1260 BC | Lebadus was chased by Aegeus and migrated from Athens to Mideia in Boeotia. Mideia became known as Lebadeia. [Paus.9.39.1]

** There is a tradition that associates Lebadeia of Boeotia with Lebadus, son of Lycaon of Arcadia. [Plut.QuestGr.39]

** Oeneus' son Peteus, who was chased by Aegeus, is thought to be Lebadus' brother, and Oeneus is thought to be Lebadus' father.

1260 BC | Aegeus of Athens made peace with Minos on the condition that he would send seven young men and women as hostages to the island every nine years. [Diod.4.61.3]

** The second time was BC1251. The third time was BC1242. (Theseus was 21 years old.)

1260 BC | Erythrus, son of Rhadamanthys, led a group of immigrants from Crete and founded Erythrae on the other side of the island of Chios. [Diod.5.84.3, Paus.7.3.7]

1260 BC | Carystus, son of Chiron, migrated from the island of Salamis to southeastern Euboea and founded Carystus. [StephByz.K362.13]

1260 BC | Ischys, son of Elatus (or Eilatus), expelled the inhabitants of Tricca. [Estimated from Plut.Lucu.23, Strabo.12.3.11]

1260 BC | Autolycus, son of Deimachus, migrated from Tricca to Sinope on the southern coast of the Pontus Sea. [Plut.Lucu.23, Strabo.12.3.11]

** Autolycus took part in Jason's expedition in 1268 BC and is believed to have known the Pontus Sea. [Estimated from Apollo.2.946]

1260 BC|Cynus, son of Opus, founded Cynus near Opus. [Strabo.9.4.2]

1259 BC | Lysianassa, daughter of Polybus, was married from Corinth to Talaus of Argos. [Paus.2.6.6]

1258 BC | Amphitryon fought and was victorious against Chalcodon of Chalcis of Euboea, who had invaded Boeotia. [Paus.9.19.3]

** Elephenor, son of Chalcodon, appears to have been born just before Chalcodon's death, as he participated in the Trojan expedition.

** Chalcodon's daughter Chalciope married Aegeus of Athens around this time. [Apo.3.15.6, Athen.556f]

** Later, the sons of Theseus took refuge with Elephenor, brother of Chalciope. [Plut.These.35]

1257 BC | Heracles slew the lion of Cithaeron. [Apo.2.4.9]

1257 BC | Heracles was entertained by Thespius, king of Thespiae in Boeotia. [Apo.2.4.9]

1256 BC | Theseus saw Heracles sitting in a lion's skin in the house of Pittheus of Troezen. [Paus.1.27.7]

** Pittheus was the brother of Heracles' maternal grandmother Nicippe. Pittheus was Theseus' maternal grandfather.

1256 BC | Clymenus, king of the Minyans, was killed at Onchestus by Perieres, the charioteer of Menoeceus, son of Creon of Thebes. [Apo.2.4.11]

**Eurydice, daughter of the slain Clymenus and wife of Nestor, the eldest of Troy's warriors, was his eldest daughter, so this seems to have happened around this time. [Home.Od.3.452]

** Amphitryon and Heracles were probably away on a journey and away from Thebes.

1256 BC | Erginus, son of Clymenus, king of the Minyans, attacked Thebes, won, and imposed a 20-year tribute on Thebes. [Apo.2.4.11]

1256 BC | Heracles fought and won against Erginus, king of the Minyans. [Apo.2.4.11, Diod.4.10.5, Strabo.9.2.40]

** When Heracles came of age, the Thebans were freed from tribute and the Minyans were defeated in battle. [Paus.9.37.2]

** Erginus and Thebes made peace. [Paus.9.37.3]

1256 BC | Oedipus' sons, Phrastor and Laonytus, were killed in battle against Erginus. [FGrH.Nr333.F95]

1256 BC | Heracles dedicated a stone statue of a lion in the temple of Artemis at Thebes to commemorate his victory in the battle against Erginus. [Paus.9.17.2]

1256 BC | Amphitryon was killed in battle against Erginus. [Apo.2.4.11]

1256 BC | Icarius, son of Oebalus, married Dorodoche, daughter of Orsilochus. [FGrH.Nr333.F128]

1256 BC | Icarius son of Oebalus founded Pharis south of Sparta. [Estimated from Paus.4.16.8 and FGrH.Nr333.F128]

** Pharis was also called Pharae. [Paus.4.16.8]

** Pharis, the father of Telegone, the mother of Orsilochus, founded Pharae near the mouth of the river Nedon, which flows into the Gulf of Messenia. [Paus.4.30.2]

** Icarius may have called the town he founded either by the name of Pharae, the birthplace of his wife Dorodoche, or by the name of Pharis, the founder of Pharae.

1256 BC | Hippomenes, son of Megareus, was expelled from Onchestus and migrated to Arcadia. [Apo.3.9.2, Hyginus.185]

1256 BC | Schoeneus of Schoinos in Boeotia, under pressure from Thebes, emigrated to Arcadia. [Paus.8.35.10, Plut.Lysa.29.7, Tzetzes.1.560, Strabo.9.2.22]

1256 BC | Copaeus, son of Plataeus, son of Onchestus, was driven out of Onchestus and moved to the opposite shore of Copais Lake, where he founded Copae. [Estimated from StephByz.K401.12]

1256 BC | Phocus, son of Aeacus, migrated from the island of Aegina to the northwest of Phocis, near Naubolenses (later Drymaea). [Paus.10.1.1, 10.33.12]

1256 BC | Telamon, son of Aeacus, migrated from Aegina to Salamis and married Glauce, daughter of Cychreus. [Diod.4.72.7]

** Peleus and Telamon joined the Argonauts from different locations. [Apollo.1.90]

1256 BC | Peleus, son of Aeacus, emigrated from the island of Aegina to Eurytion, son of Actor, in Phthia. [Apo.3.13.1]

1256 BC | Peleus married Antigone, daughter of Eurytion, and they had a daughter, Polydora. [Apo.3.13.1]

** Antigone's father Eurytion's father Actor was the father of Peleus' father Aeacus, and Antigone was Peleus' cousin. [Apo.3.13.1]

1255 BC | Oedipus married Hyperphas' daughter Euryganeia. [FGrH.Nr333.F95]

** Oedipus' marriage with Euryganeia occurred one year after the battle with Erginus. [FGrH.Nr333.F95]

1255 BC | Heracles married Creon's daughter Megara. [Apo.2.4.11, Diod.4.10.6]

1255 BC | Iphicles married the sister of Creon's daughter Megara. [Apo.2.4.11]

** Iphicles also appears to have contributed greatly to the battle.

** Iphicles was eleven years older than Heracles, but was given a sister.

** The children of Iphicles also died along with the children of Heracles. [Apo.2.4.12]

** Next to Amphitryon's tomb were the tombs of the children of Heracles. [Paus.1.41.1]

** From the above, the marriage between Iphicles and Creon's daughter may not have actually happened.

1255 BC|Alcmena is honored by the Thebans. [Diod.4.58.6]

1255 BC | Alcmena remarried Rhadamanthys and settled in Ocaleae of Hariartos. [Apo.3.1.2, Apo.2.4.11, Plut.Lysand.28]

1255 BC | The oracle of Themis at Delphi became the oracle of Apollo. [Paus.10.16.5, Paus.10.23.2, Paus.1.4.4]

** Phemonoe became Apollo's first female seer, and she was the first to examine the oracle in six rhyming verses. [Paus.10.5.7, Newton.Chro.143]

1252 BC | Laonome, daughter of Amphitryon, married Euphemus, son of Theiodamas (or Theodamas). [Tzetzes.2.610]

1252 BC | Priam rushed to help his mother Leucippe's homeland of Phrygia, which was besieged by the Amazons. [Strabo.12.3.24, Strabo.12.8.6, Home.3.181]

1252 BC | Eurystheus married Antimache, daughter of Amphidamas of Tegea. [Apo.3.9.2]

** Aleus, the father of Lycurgus, the father of Amphidamas, the father of Antimache, was the father of Amphidamas, the father of Antibia, the wife of Sthenelus, the father of Eurystheus.

** So Eurystheus married Antimache, the daughter of Amphidamas, a cousin of Antibia, the wife of his father Sthenelus.

1251 BC | Heracles killed three of Megara's children and two of Iphicles' children. [Apo.2.4.12, Diod.4.11.1]

** Pindar says he has eight sons, but that seems like too many. [FGrH.Nr333.F14, Pind.Is.4.50]

** The children of Heracles probably perished in a fire caused by Megara's misfire. [Estimated from Apo.2.4.12]

1251 BC | Heracles divorced Megara and forced Iolaus to marry her. [Apo.2.6.1, Diod.4.31.1]

** Heracles seems to have considered his marriage to Megara a “marriage not blessed by God.” [Paus.10.29.7]

< Heracles’ Tiryns period (3 years) >

1251 BC | Heracles emigrated from Thebes to Tiryns, which was ruled by his father Amphitryon. [Apo.2.4.12, Diod.4.10.6]

** By an oracle, Heracles was assigned to work under Eurystheus. [Apo.2.4.12]

1251 BC | Licymnius emigrated from Thebes to Midea, which was ruled by his father Electryon. [Apo.2.4.8, estimated from Diod.4.33.2]

** Licymnius went with Alcmena to Thebes and was acting with Heracles. [Apo.2.4.8]

** Licymnius is not named among those who accompanied Heracles when he left Tiryns. [Diod.4.33.2]

** Eurystheus of Mycenae seems to have been happy to welcome his relatives Heracles and Licymnius against Argos.

1251 BC | Atreus, son of Pelops, migrated north from Midea and founded Cleonae. [FGrH.Nr2.F3, FGrH.Nr333.F20]

** Atreus' founding of Cleonae seems to have been caused by Licymnius coming to Midea.

** Thyestes, who was entrusted with Midea with Atreus, may have left Midea before this, or lived with Licymnius.

** Licymnius joins Heracles before Heracles' battle with Eurytus of Oechalia. [Apo.2.7.7]

1250 BC | Lycurgus of Arcadia fought and killed Areithous of Arene of Triphylia. [Home.7.8, FGrH.Nr333.F158]

1250 BC | Heracles was adopted by the Athenian Pylius for initiation into the mysteries of Eleusis. [Apo.2.5.12, Plut.These.33]

** Eleusis' attendants are Musaeus, son of Orpheus [Diod.4.25.1], Eumolpus [Apo.2.5.12], unknown [FGrH.Nr334.F20]

** The person who attended Heracles is thought to be Musaeus, the son of Antiophemus and the grandfather of Eumolpus, the high priest who instituted the Mysteries.

1250 BC | Thoas, son of Ariadne, daughter of Minos, migrated from the island of Naxos to the island of Lemnos. [Diod.5.79.2]

1250 BC | Laomedon of Ilium led Mysians and Teucrians on a great expedition from Thracia to the Ionian Sea. [Herod.7.20]

** At this time, the Mygdonians settled in Paeonia. [Diod.5.64.4, Herod.5.12-15]

** Idaean Dactyli, along with Mygdon, crossed into Europe. [Diod.5.64.4]. They are thought to have later become the engineers who mined Midas' wealth.

** It is thought that the descendants of Mygdon came to Troy during the Troyan War. [Dares.18, Home.2.848, Home.21.136, Strabo.7.8.2]

** In 490 BC, some of the Paeonians (Siropaeonians, Paeoplians) were moved to Asia by Darius's general Megabyzus. [Herod.5.12-15]

1250 BC | Melampus introduced the rites of Dionysus to Greece. [Herod.2.49]

1250 BC|Minos' daughters Ariadne and Oenarus visited Peroponessus from the island of Naxos to spread the rituals of Dionysus. [Paus.2.23.8, Paus.3.13.7]

** It is believed that Melampus, son of Amythaon, invited Dionysus. [Herod.2.49]

** Chorea's tomb was in Argos. [Paus.2.20.4] Chorea was one of the daughters of Leucippus, and seems to be the sister of Smerdius, king of the island of Naxos. [Diod.5.51.3]

** Chorea is thought to be the granddaughter of Miletus, grandson of the first Minos, or Naxos [Diod.5.51.3], grandson of Caunos [Nonnus.13.222, 546].

** The visiting delegation led by Oenarus and Ariadne also visited Messenia. [Paus.4.31.4]

** There was also a joint tomb at Argos for the women who accompanied Oenarus and Ariadne. [Paus.2.22.1]

1250 BC | Phliasus, son of Oenarus and Ariadne, succeeded Phlius, which had lost its heir. [Paus.2.6.6]

** Phliasus was connected to the founder of Phlius through his father Oenarus.

1250 BC | Oenopion, son of Ariadne, daughter of Minos, migrated from Naxos to Chios. [Diod.5.79.1]

1250 BC | Oileus (or Oeleus), son of Hodoedocus, founded Narycus west of Cynus in Locris. [Hyginus.14]

1250 BC | Ceyx, son of Actor, migrated from Phthia to the foothills of Oeta and founded Trachis. [Estimated from Home.Il.2.681]

1250 BC | Pierus, son of Linus, son of Pierus, emigrated from Pieria in Macedonia to Thespiae in Boeotia. [Paus.9.29.3]

1250 BC | Panopeus, son of Phocus, migrated from Naubolenses (later Drymaea) to Panopeus. [Paus.10.4.1]

** Panopeus, son of Phocus, is presumed to have immigrated with Iphitus, son of Naubolus.

** Iphitus was the brother of Antiphateia, the wife of Panopeus' brother Crisus. In other words, Panopeus and Iphitus were stepbrothers.

** In Panopeus lived Tityos, the son of Crius, who may have been the brother of Ornytus, the father of Naubolus, but died in a battle with Thebes.

1250 BC | Iphitus (or Perimedes), son of Naubolus, son of Ornytus, migrated from Naubolenses to Panopeus. [Estimated from Apollo.1.207]

** It came to be called Panopeus, after the name of Phocus' son Panopeus. [Paus.10.4.1]

** Iphitus served as Jason's guide when he visited Delpi ahead of the Argonauts' expedition. [Apo.1.9.16, Apollo.1.207, Home.2.517]

** Iphitus' migration to Panopeus therefore predates the Argonaut expedition.

1250 BC | The epic poet Linus died at Chalcis and was buried there. [Diogenes.1.4, Suda.lambda. 568]

1249 BC|Ariadne died at Argos and was buried there. [Paus.2.23.8]

1249 BC|Augeas held a competition at Elis. [FGrH.Nr333.F118, Home.Il.11.655]

** It appears that the competition will be held at Olympia, not Elis.

1248 BC | Laomedon killed Phaenodamas and his sons who had married Hesione, daughter of Laomedon, to the Leleges of Miletus in his absence, and exiled his daughters from Ilium. The daughters of Phaenodamas emigrated to the island of Sicily. [Antiq.1.52.2, Lycoph.Cassa.1115]

1248 BC | Heracles killed Iphitus, son of Eurytus of Oechalia, at Tiryns. [Apo.2.6.2, Diod.4.31.3]

** At this time, the Oechalia in which Eurytus lived was not in Euboea, but in Messenia.

1248 BC | Heracles is attacked by a bad disease and asks Neleus to cleanse him of his sins, but is refused [Diod.4.31.4]

1248 BC | Heracles asks Hippocoon of Sparta to cleanse him of his sins and is refused [Paus.3.15.3]

1248 BC | Heracles cleanses his sins with Deiphobus of Amyclae near Sparta [Diod.4.31.5]

< Heracles’ Lydia period (3 years) >

1248 BC | Heracles served for three years under Omphale of Lydia. [Apo.2.6.3, Diod.4.31.5, Herod.1.7, Tzetzes.2.420]

** At that time, there was a rule that a person who killed someone due to negligence was required to serve under someone else for a certain period of time. [Plut.QuestGr.37]

** During Heracles' service there were the expeditions of the Argonauts, the Calydonian Boar Hunt, and the exploits of Theseus on the Isthmus. [Apo.1.9.19, 2.6.3]

** The Omphale settlement appears to have been at the foot of Mount Timolus, through which the Hyllus River of Lydia flows. [Home.20.379, Paus.1.35.8, Strabo.13.4.5]

1248 BC | Iphitus, son of Naubolus, guides Jason when he visits Delpi to obtain an oracle. [Apo.1.9.16, Apollo.1.207, Home.2.517]

1248 BC | Expedition of the Argonauts [Apo.1.9.16-28, Hyginus.14]

** Theseus joined from Troezen at the age of 16, the year before going to Athens. [Paus.1.27.8]

** The expedition was during the reign of Aegeus (1288-1240 BC). [Euseb.Chron.183]

** The expedition was carried out by the Minyans, but was later revised to include the heroes of the time. [FGrH.Nr8.F3]

** The Golden Fleece was a scroll containing instructions on how to make gold. [Para.Anony.F3]

** Hylas, the attendant of Heracles who appears in the legend of the Argonauts' expedition, was an attendant of Polyphemus. [FGrH.Nr4.F131b]

** Hylas' birthplace Oechalia was in Trachis. [Hyginus.14, StephByz.O487.18, Strabo.10.1.10]

** In the 6th century BC, Orpheus of Croton, a town in the southern part of the Italian peninsula, wrote Argonautica. [Suda.omicron.657]

** In the 2nd century BC, Dionysius of Mitylene of Alexandria also wrote about Argonauts, which was quoted by Diodorus. [Diod.3.52.3, Suda.delta.1175]

** Laertes, who does not appear in Apollonius of Rhodes' Argonautica, appears in Diodorus. [Diod.4.48.5]

1248 BC | Aeneus' son Cyzicus, knowing that the Thessalians had driven out his ancestors, was killed fighting an expedition of Argonauts. [Apollo.1.936, Apollo.1.961, FGrH.Nr70.F61, Hyginus.16, Hyginus.273]

1248 BC | Polyneices was born in Tenea, Corinth, the son of Oedipus and Euryganeia. [Paus.2.20.5, Hyginus.243]

1247 BC | Chrysothemis, daughter of Carmanor, won the competition to sing the Pythian Apollon hymn. [Paus.10.7.2]

1247 BC | Phlegyas, son of Antion, founded Gyrton near Larissa. [Estimated from Strabo.9.5.21]

** The town founded by Phlegyas was called Gyrton, after Phlegyas' successor Ixion (also known as Gyrton). [Dic: Gyrton, StephByz.G215.20]

1247 BC | Mantius, son of Melampus, returned from Aetolia to Argos and expelled his brother Abas and the descendants of Bias from Argos. [Estimated from Pind.Ne.9]

** Mantius' son Oecles (or Oecleus) and Mantius' grandson Amphiaraus also emigrated from Aetolia to Argos.

** Since Argives participated in Heracles' attack on Elis after this, it seems that Eurystheus cooperated in Mantius' return.

1247 BC | Talaus was killed by Amphiaraus. [Schol.Pind.N.9.30b]

1247 BC | Adrastus, son of Talaus, defected to Polybus of Sicyon in a dispute with Amphiaraus, a descendant of Melampus. [Apo.3.6.2, Paus.2.6.6]

** Polybus was the father of Adrastus' mother Lysianassa.

1247 BC | Polypheides, son of Abas, son of Melampus, emigrated to Hyperesia in Achaia, in conflict with his father. [Home.Od.15.220]

** The migration of Polypheides appears to have been caused by internal conflict within Argos. Pellene, near Hyperesia, was a town founded by the Argives. [Paus.7.26.12]

** Polypheides also lived in Eleusis. [FGrH.Nr333.F116]

** Argos and Eleusis may have had contact after Trochilus, son of Callithyia, migrated to Eleusis in 1580 BC. [Paus.1.14.2]

1247 BC | Abas, son of Melampus, migrated from Argos to Phyllus near Larissa in Thessaly. [Strabo.9.5.5]

** Idmon, son of Abas, joined the Argonauts from Argos. Until then, the Abas family appears to have lived in Argos. [Apollo.1.139]

1247 BC | Peleus fought against Amyntor of Dolopes and won. Peleus took Crantor, son of Amyntor, as a hostage and made him his personal shield-bearer. [Ovid.Meta.12.341]

** Amyntor appears to be the son of Ctimenus, son of Actor of Dolopes. In other words, he was a cousin of Peleus.

** Ctimenus' two sons, Eurydamas and Eurytion, participated in the Argonauts' expedition. [Hyginus.14]

1247 BC | Theseus performed his exploits on the way from Troezen to Athens. [Apo.3.16.1 - E.1.4, Plut.These.15]

** Theseus took part in the expedition of the Argonauts from Troezen and the Calydonian boar hunt from Athens. [Hyginus.14, Apo.1.8.2]

** Theseus had long heard of Heracles' fame, and he himself aspired to his deeds. [Plut.These.6]

** Greece was in disarray as Heracles was with Omphale in Lydia. [Plut.These.6]

** When Theseus was sixteen years old, he pushed up the rock, took out the sword and sandals that his father had left behind, and set out on his journey. [Paus.1.27.8]

** Sword and sandals were essential items for men's travels. Appears in 6 locations in Odyssey. [Home.Od.2.1, 4.306, 16.80, 17.1, 20.125, 21.340]

1247 BC | Jason and Medea were given charge of the town by the Corinthians. [Paus.2.3.10]

** Jason succeeded Corinthus. [Paus.2.3.10]

** However, Creon in Euripides succeeded Corinthus, and Jason seems to have succeeded Creon. [Medea.20]

** Jason lived in Corinth for ten years until his expedition with Heracles in 1237 BC. [Apo.1.9.28]

1247 BC | Meleager, son of Oeneus, married Cleopatra (or Halcyone), daughter of Idas. [Paus.4.2.7]

1247 BC | Carmanor's daughter Chrysothemis wins a singing competition at the Pythia festival. [Paus.10.7.2]

1246 BC|Calydonian boar hunt [Apo.1.8.3, Home.9.544, Hyginus.173, Paus.8.45.6-7, Strabo.10.3.6]

** From Argos only Amphiaraus, son of Oecles, whose mother was Hypermnestra, daughter of Thestius of Pleuron, participated.

1246 BC | Peleus accidentally kills Eurytion of Phthia on a boar hunt in Calydon and is purified by Pelias' son Acastus. [Apo.1.8.2, Apo.3.13.2]

1246 BC | Ischepolis, son of Alcathous, died hunting boar in Calydon. [Paus.1.42.6]

1246 BC | Alcathous of Megara killed his own son Callipolis. [Paus.1.42.6]

1246 BC | Melampus visited Megara to cleanse Alcathous. [Paus.1.43.5]

1246 BC | Oeneus of Calydon attacks and captures Hipponous of Olenus in Aetolia, taking Periboea as his spoils. [Apo.1.8.4]

1246 BC | The Aeanianians were driven from Dotium by the Lapiths, led by Ixion and his son Peirithous. [Strabo.9.4.10, Strabo.9.5.22]

** Some Aeanianians settled near the Auas River in Molossia and became known as Parauaei. [Plut.QuestGr.13]

1246 BC | Peirithous, son of Ixion of Larissa, drove the Centaurs from Mount Pelion. [Apo.2.5.4, Diod.4.70.3, Paus.5.10.8]

** Cheiron the Centaurs lived around Mount Pelion northeast of Iolcus in Thessaly. [Apo.2.5.4]

** Some of the Centaurs migrated to the region of Aethices, at the source of Peneius. [Strabo.9.5.19]

** Peleus also participated in the battle against the Centaurs. Crantor, son of Amyntor of Dolopes, shield bearer of Peleus, was killed in battle. [Ovid.Meta.12.341]

** Peirithous made the area around Mount Pelion his own. [Strabo.9.5.19]

1246 BC | Theseus fought against the Centaurs on the side of the Lapiths. [Plut.These.29]

** Theseus was also present at the wedding of Peirithous, where the battle began. [Diod.4.70.3]

** Butes, father of Peirithous's wife Hippodameia, appears to be Theseus' step-cousin.

< Heracles’ Tiryns period (2 years) >

1245 BC | Heracles finished his service under Omphale and returned to Tiryns. [Apo.2.6.4]

1245 BC | Heracles, together with Iolaus, took part in a funerary competition held by Acastus, son of Pelias of Iolcus. [Apo.3.13.2, Hyginus.273, Paus.5.17.9]

** Hyginus is listed next to the competition during the Argonauts' expedition in the order of events. [Hyginus.273]

1245 BC | Glaucus, son of Sisyphus, was trampled to death by a horse at the funerary games of Pelias. [Hyginus.250, Hyginus.273, Paus.6.20.19]

1245 BC | Minos of Crete was killed by Cocalus of Camic, a tribe of Sicani, near the Camicus River in the southwestern part of Sicily. [Diod.4.79.2]

** Minos probably died around 1245 BC, since Deucalion was the ruler of Crete at the time of Theseus' marriage to Phaedra. [Diod.4.62.1]

** Herodotus reports that there was Trojan War two generations after Minos' death. [Herod.7.171]

1245 BC | Calliarus, son of Hodoedocus, founded Calliarus near Cynus in Locris. [StephByz.K349.8]

1245 BC | The Caucones, who lived in Lepreus in southern Eleia, could no longer endure the tyranny of Lepreus and moved to Lycia. [Strabo.Fragment.63]

1245 BC | The sons of Neleus founded Pylus (Lepreatic Pylus) in southern Eleia. [Strabo.8.3.7]

1245 BC | Idas returned from Calydon to Arene. [Estimated]

1245 BC | Staphylus, son of Ariadne, colonized the island of Peparethos. [Ps-Scym.566]

1244 BC | Heracles expeditioned to Ilium. [Apo.2.6.4, Diod.4.32.3, Dares.2-3]

** The Argonauts went on an expedition to take revenge for the cruel treatment they received from Laomedon off the coast of Troy, where they stopped during their expedition. [Dares.2]

**At this time Heracles sent letters to gather his companions. [Dares.3]

** Laomedon's daughter Hesione was given to Telamon. [Apo.2.6.4, Ovid.Meta.11.200]

** The founding inhabitants of Salamis in Cyprus were the captives Teucer had captured at Troy. [Athen.256b]

** Teucer's descendants who ruled Salamis probably invented the story that Teucer's mother was Hesione in order to get the people to obey them. [Apo.3.12.7, Hyginus.97]

** It seems that Heracles was needed to give the story a sense of authenticity to the people of the time.

1244 BC | Heracles fought Eurypylus, son of Astypalaea, on the island of Cos on his way back from Ilium. [Apo.2.7.1, Tzetzes.2.440]

** The story of Heracles and the island of Cos is thought to be a fiction, but if it had existed, it is presumed that it would have been something like the following.

** Merops, ruler of the island of Cos, was chased by Eurypylus, the husband of his daughter Clytia. [Calli.Hym.4.153]

** Heracles fought Eurypylus to bring back Merops. [FGrH.Nr333.F78]

** At this time Chalcodon, who wounded Heracles, was the son of Eurypylus. [Apo.2.7.1, ComTheocId.7.5]

1244 BC | Heracles left the island of Cos and fought and defeated the giants at Phlegra. [Apo.2.7.1, Tzetzes.2.440]

** Phlegra of Campania in Italy [Diod.4.21.7, Strabo.6.3.5], Phlegra of Chalcidice Peninsula [Strabo.7.8.3], Phlegra of unknown location [Apo.2.7.1, Tzetzes.2.440]. Either way, it seems to be a creation.

1244 BC | On the way back from his expedition to the Amazon, Heracles fought against Eurymedon, the son of Minos, who lived on the island of Paros. [Apo.2.5.9]

** Regarding the events of Heracles' ninth labor, all stories about Amazon, Paros, and Thasus seem to be fiction.

1244 BC | The sons of Neleus of Pylus in southern Eleia fought against the Arcadians for control of Chaa. [Home.Il.7.132, Paus.8.11.4, Strabo.8.3.21]

** The king of Arcadia at this time was Lycurgus, but due to his advanced age, it is thought that Cepheus of Psophis was his deputy. [FGrH.Nr333.F158]

** Alternatively, Lycurgus may have died of illness in the camp. The tomb of Lycurgus was not at Tegea, but at Lepreus, near Chaa. [Paus.5.5.5]

1244 BC|Augeas' eldest son, Phyleus, emigrated from Elis to Dulichium (Dulichia) in Acarnania. [Apo.2.5.5, Diod.4.33.4, Home.Il.2.625]

** Dulichium, where Phyleus migrated, was probably not an island in the Echinades, but Paleis in the western part of Cephallenia. [Paus.5.5.5]

1244 BC | Adrastus, son of Talaus, married Demonassa. [Hyginus.71]

** Their daughter Deipyla must have been born in 1243 BC, so we assume that they married in this year.

1244 BC|Augeas held a competition at Olympia. [Paus.5.8.3]

1243 BC | Thamyris' father Philammon won the competition to sing the Pythian Apollon hymn. [Paus.10.7.2]

1243 BC | Bellerophontes, son of Glaucus, emigrated from Isthmus to Xanthus in Lycia and married Philonoe, daughter of Iobates. [Apo.2.3.2, Tzetzes.7.850]

** Proetus wrote a letter to Iobates. [Apo.2.3.1] Proetus was a person from more than 100 years ago, and it seems that he could not even write letters.

1243 BC | Alcmena, widowed by her remarried Rhadamanthys, emigrated from Boeotia to Heracles of Tiryns. [Estimated from Diod.4.33.2]

** His mother Alcmena was also with Heracles when he was expelled from Tiryns, so it seems likely that they lived together around this time. [Diod.4.33.2]

1243 BC | Heracles prepares his army for the first attack on Elis. [Apo.2.7.2]

** The Elis attack appears to be a fabrication due to unpaid compensation. [Diod.4.33.1, Paus.5.1.9]

1243 BC|Augeas learns of Heracles' movements and appoints Actor's sons, Cteatus and Eurytus, as generals. [Apo.2.7.2, Paus.5.1.10]

1243 BC | Heracles fought against Augeas of Elis, but was unsuccessful. [Diod.4.33.1, Apo.2.7.3, Paus.5.2.1]

** Dameon, son of Phlius, also participated, but was defeated by Cteatus, son of Actor. [Paus.6.20.16]

** Diodorus tells us that after this battle Heracles stayed with Dexamenus in Olenus of Achaia. [Diod.4.33.1]

** However, the husbands of the twin daughters of Dexamenus were the sons of Actor, and it seems unlikely that Heracles would have stayed in the enemy's house. [Paus.5.3.3]

1243 BC | Heracles falls ill and a truce is called. [Apo.2.7.2]

1243 BC|The sons of Actor, who learned that Heracles was sick, attacked him and killed many. [Apo.2.7.2]

1243 BC | Heracles' half-brother Iphicles died from battle wounds at Pheneus in Arcadia. [Apo.2.7.3, Paus.8.14.9]

** Some legends say that Iphicles was killed in battle at Lacedaemon. [Plut.Mor.492d]

1243 BC|Amarynceus dies. A funeral competition was held in the Buprasium of Eleia. [Home.Il.23.624]

** Amarynceus was an ally of Augeas of Elis, but does not appear in the battle with Heracles. [Paus.5.1.10]

** If the Funeral Games were held, it would be during the war with Heracles and before the Actor's twin sons were killed.

1243 BC | Heracles attacked and killed the sons of Actor, Cteatus and Eurytus, at Cleonae, on their way from Hyrmina to Isthmus. [Apo.2.7.2, Diod.4.33.4, Paus.5.2.1]

** Aelianus reports that 360 Cleonaans who joined Heracles were killed in battle. [Aelia.4.5]

** However, since Molione, the mother of Actor's sons, searched for the culprit, it appears that the assassination was carried out by a small group of people. [Paus.5.2.2]

** Pausanias tells us that Heracles killed them with arrows. [Paus.2.15.1]

** At that time, Cleonae was inhabited by its founder, Atreus. Atreus' father Pelops was Heracles' maternal great-grandfather.

**Heracles was in Tiryns when Elis asked Argos to punish the raiders, so the raid on Cleonae was before Heracles was expelled from Tiryns. [Paus.5.2.1]

< Heracles’ Pheneus period (5 years) >

1243 BC | Heracles migrated from Tiryns to Pheneus in Arcadia with Alcmena, Iphicles and Iolaus. [Diod.4.33.2]

** It seems that Eurystheus could not bear the demands of Elis and sent Heracles away.

** Eurystheus probably had no power at this time, as his sons had not yet reached adulthood.

1243 BC | Thamyris' father Philammon wins a singing competition at the Pythia festival. [Paus. 10.7.2]

1242 BC | Nestor took as his wife Eurydice (or Anaxibia), daughter of Clymenus, from Orchomenus. [Home.Od.3.452, Hyginus.97, Apo.1.9.9]

1242 BC | Theseus went from Phalerum to Crete as one of the tributes. [Paus.1.1.2, Paus.1.22.5, Plut.These.15]

** This is a fiction; in reality, Theseus probably went to Crete to form an alliance with the descendants of Minos and the Athenians.

** This was his third tribute every nine years. [Plut.These.15, 17] The battle with Minos took place in 1264 BC, the peace agreement and the first tribute in 1260 BC, and the second in 1251 BC.

** The Crete throne lasted a term of 9 years. [Paus.3.2.4]

** Periboea, daughter of Alcathous of Megara, was also one of the tributes. [Paus.1.17.3; 1.42.2] Menesthes, son of the daughter of Scirus, was also one of the tributes. [Plut.These.17]

** Minos himself came to pick up the tribute men and women. The ship carrying the tribute was prepared by the Athenians, and the Salamians were at the helm. [Plut.These.17]

** Young Athenian men and women were sent to Crete as servants to the winners of the competitions. Their descendants migrated to Macedonia with Botton as their leader and became known as the Bottiaeans. Aristotle also states that young men and women were sent to Crete as slaves. [Plut.QuestGr.35, Plut.These.16]

1241 BC | Theseus married Phaedra, daughter of Minos. [Diod.4.62.1]

** Deucalion, son of Minos, married Phaedra to Theseus in order to form an alliance with the Athenians. [Diod.4.62.1]

** The Minotaur legend appears to be an anecdote about Theseus' victory over Minos' son Asterius (also known as the Minotaur) in a competition. [Apo.3.1.4, Paus.2.31.1]

** Ceramus, son of Ariadne, daughter of Minos, the titular of the Cerameicus district, seems to have immigrated to Athens with Phaedra, wife of Theseus. [Paus.1.3.1]

** Ceramicus was the Potters Quarter. [Pliny.35.45.1]

1241 BC | Theseus stopped at the island of Delos on his way back from Crete to Athens. [Plut.These.21]

** The priest of Delos is presumed to have been Zarex, son of Carystus, son of Chiron, father of Aegeus, father of Theseus. [Plut.These.21]

1241 BC | Hippolytus, son of Theseus and Antiope of the Amazons, migrated to Troezen to succeed his grandfather Pittheus. [Diod.4.62.1]

1241 BC | The Centaurs, driven from Mount Pelion, began their banditry based on Mount Pholoe in Arcadia. [Apo.2.5.4]

1241 BC | Heracles fought against the Centaurs on Mount Pholoe. [Apo.2.5.4]

** In this battle, Heracles assisted Cepheus of Tegea, and Heracles later added Arcadians to his forces.

1241 BC | Chiron of Centaur died at Malea in Arcadia. [Apo.2.5.4]

1241 BC | Heracles was cleansed of the murder of the Centaurs by Eumolpus of Eleusis. [Apo.2.5.12]

1241 BC | Heracles prepares a second expedition to Elis, consisting of Argives, Thebans, and Arcadians. [Paus.5.3.1]

** The Epeians of Dyme of Achaia also took part in Heracles' expedition to Elis. [Strabo.8.3.9]

** The Argives were probably led by Mantius' son Oecles. Due to internal strife in Argos, the Oecles family was the only descendant of Melampus and Bias in Argos.

1240 BC | Heracles fought Augeas of Elis and captured the town. [Apo.2.7.2, Diod.4.33.4, Paus.5.3.1]

** Eleia's Pylus and Pisa also joined Elis in defense. [Paus.5.3.1]

** Hippocoon also sided with Neleus. [Apo.2.7.3]

1240 BC | Heracles had an oracle to call off an expedition to Pisa that sided with Elis. [Paus.5.3.1]

** There is no mention of Pisa joining Elis in Apollodorus or Diodorus, and only Pausanias reports it. I don't think that actually happened.

** After Pelops's death, Elis took control of Olympia in Pisa's place and began to exert influence over Pisa, holding competitions.

** It is assumed that Eurystheus ordered Heracles to attack Elis at the request of Pisa. [Apo.2.4.5, Paus.5.8.3]

** Eurystheus and Heracles were descendants of Pelops of Pisa.

1240 BC | Heracles fought against Neleus of Pylus and captured the town. [Apo.2.7.3]

** The Pylus destroyed by Heracles was not the Pylus of Messenia, but the Pylus near Elis.

** Pausanias tells us that Heracles made an expedition to Pylus in Eleia. [Paus.6.25.2]

** Pausanias tells us that the ruins of Pylus, destroyed by Heracles, were in Eleia. [Paus.6.22.5]

** All of Neleus' 12 sons were killed except Nestor. [Aelia.4.5, Apo.2.7.3, Strabo.8.3.28]

1240 BC | Heracles recalled Phyleus, son of Augeas, to Elis. [Diod.4.33.4]

** Heracles granted Phyleus' request and was generous, forgiving Augeas and returning his captives. [Paus.5.3.3]

1240 BC | Heracles killed Lepreus, ruler of southern Eleia, in single combat. [Aelia.1.24, Athen.412a]

** Lepreus was the one who opposed Heracles when Heracles demanded a reward from Augeas of Elis. [Aelia.1.24]

1240 BC | Heracles exchanged vows with the children of Neleus at Stenyclerus in Messenia. [Paus.4.15.8]

** It seems that the people who made the pledge were Nestor who was in Gerenia and the sons of Neleus who were killed in battle.

** When the Heracleidae returned, Heracles entrusted Nestor with Pylus for a good cause. [Paus.2.18.7]

** Similar to the fraudulent lottery, this appears to be a creation popularized by the Dorians. Heracles does not appear to have set foot in Messenia.

1240 BC | Evander led a colony from Pallantium in Arcadia and moved to Rome, where he founded Pallantium. [Antiq.1.31.1-4, Paus.8.43.2]

** 60th year before the Trojan war. [Antiq.1.31.1]

** Faunus accepted Evander and gave him land. [Antiq.1.31.2, Ita.6.579, Just.43.1]

** Arcadians brought the alphabet to Italy. [Antiq.1.33.4, Euseb.Chron.269, Hyginus.277, Livius.1.7]

** It seems that what Evander brought to Italy was not the Greek alphabet, but Pelasgic letters, which were used until the time of Homer. [Diod.3.67.5]

** Evander's emigrant party departed from Elis' outer port, Cyllene. [DionyGuide.34]

** The 2nd century AD epic poet Dionysius of Alexandria reports that “The Pelasgians, who lived next to the Tyrrhenians on the west side of the Italian peninsula, came from Cyllene.” [DionyGuide.34]

** Evander appears to have traveled overland to Cyllene, northwest of Elis, using the great road that connects Tegea to Olenus.

** Tegea, Heraea, Olympia, Elis, and Olenus were the ancient Arkadhia roads [LeakeM.1.023].

1240 BC | The Epeans and Pheneusians who accompanied Evander drove out the Sicels and settled in the Saturnian hills. [Antiq.1.34.2, Antiq.2.1.4]

1240 BC | The Sicels were chased by the Pelasgians and Aborigines and migrated to the southern part of the Italian peninsula. [FGrH.3.228]

** Alcyone of Argos was in her 26th year of priesthood, two generations before the Trojan War. (1186+27*2=1240) [Antiq.1.22.3, FGrH.3.228]

** Alcyone took office in 1265 BC. (1240+26-1=1265) If Alcyone was appointed at the age of 18, she would have been born in 1283 BC.

** Alcyone appears to be the sister of Eurystheus, son of Sthenelus of Mycenae. [Apo.2.4.5, Diod. 4.12.7]

1240 BC | The Sicels were chased by the Oenotrians and migrated to the island of Sicily. [Antiq.1.22.3]

** Three generations before the Troy War, Alcyone's 26th year as a priest in Argos [Antiq.1.22.3]

** The leader of the emigrated Sicels was Straton. [Antiq.1.22.5]

1240 BC | The Pelasgians migrated from the island of Sicily to Acarnania during the turmoil associated with the migration of Sicels. [Paus.1.28.3, Diod.19.53, Strabo.9.2.3]

1240 BC | Geryones' grandson Norax founded the oldest Nora on the island in the southeastern part of Sardinia. [Paus.10.17.5]

1239 BC | Thamyris, son of Philammon, won the competition to sing the Pythian Apollon hymn. [Paus.10.7.2]

1239 BC | Heracles held a competition at Olympia. [Apo.2.7.2, Paus.5.8.3]

** It was during the reign of Aegeus, king of Athens, that Heracles held the competitions. [Euseb.185]

** It is thought that the holding of the Olympia competition, which was held by the most talented people of all time, caused Eurystheus to develop hostile feelings towards Heracles.

1239 BC | Aegeus dies. Theseus became king of Athens. [Diod.4.61.8, Plut.These.24]

1239 BC | Heracles fought and won a battle against Hippocoon at Amyclae and Sparta. [Apo.2.7.3, Diod.4.33.6, Tzetzes.2.450]

** The story goes that Heracles attacked Hippocoon because he asked to be cleansed of his sins and was refused. [Paus.3.15.3]

** In reality, the battle appears to have been in response to a request from Cepheus of Tegea.

** Half of Hippocoon's sons lived in Sparta, he and his remaining sons lived in Amyclae, and Icarius lived in Pharis. [Paus.3.14.7, 3.15.1]

** In the battle with Hippocoon, Cepheus and his 17 sons were killed. [Apo.2.7.3, Diod.4.33.6]

1238 BC | The Sphinx rebellion approaches Thebes, and Creon's son Haemon is killed in battle. [Apo.3.5.8]

1238 BC | Oedipus returns to Thebes with the Corinthians and crushes the Sphinx rebellion. [Paus.9.5.10, Paus.9.26.2]

** Oedipus' sons, Eteocles and Polyneices, did not participate in the battle against Sphinx, and Adrastus appears to have gone with Oedipus.

** The Sphinx Rebellion appears to be part of the Sea Peoples.

** Sphinx appeared off the coast of Anthedon in a large number of ships, set up its base on a mountain about 550m above sea level, about 27km west-southwest of Anthedon, and ravaged the surrounding area. [Paus.9.26.2]

** The Boeotians called treacheries riddles (see Athen.456b). [August.City.18.13]

1238 BC | Adrastus made peace with Amphiaraus and returned to Argos. [FGrH.Nr12.F29, Dic: Amphiaraus]

** Alcmaeon was born in 1237 BC, and Amphiaraus’ marriage and reconciliation seem to have taken place around the same time.

1238 BC | Talaus' daughter Eriphyle married Amphiaraus. [Apo.1.9.13, Diod.4.65.6, Hyginus.71]

< Heracles’ Calydon period (3 years) >

1238 BC | Heracles resided in Pheneus in Arcadia for five years before moving to Calydon in Aetolia. [Diod.4.34.1]

** Heracles may have left Peloponnesus to avoid being seen as an enemy by Eurystheus, as he was associated with many Arcadians. [Diod.4.34.1]

** Eurystheus seems to have gotten Pheneus to leave through his wife's grandfather, Lycurgus, ruler of Arcadia.

1238 BC | Heracles defeated Achelous, who attacked Calydon. [Tzetzes.2.450]

** Achelous' target may have been Heracles himself. Sterope, the wife of Achelous, and the sons of Molione, who were killed by Heracles, were also cousins. [FGrH.Nr333.F79]

1238 BC | Heracles married Deianeira, daughter of Oeneus of Calydon. [Diod.4.34.1]

1238 BC | Heracles created a large irrigated area of the Achelous River at Calydon. [Diod.4.34.1, 4.35.3, Strabo.10.2.19]

** Heracles seems to have irrigated Paracheloitis (a flooded area near the mouth of the Achelous River). [Strabo.10.2.19]

** The Achelous River flowed west of Calydon and further west of Pleuron and Curetes. Oeneus's rule seems to have extended to that area.

1237 BC | Heracles led the Calydonians on an expedition into the land of the Thesprotians, killed Phyleus, and captured Ephyra. [Apo.2.7.6, Diod.4.36.1]

** The land of the Thesprotians was northwest of Acarnania, and their center was Ephyra. Later, Dodona also entered the controlled area. [Strabo.7.7.11]

** There is a tradition that Heracles freed Theseus from the captivity of Aidoneus of the Molossians. [Plut.Thess.35]

** In this tradition, Theseus loses his power as king of Athens during the lifetime of Heracles. However, after Heracles' death, Theseus joins Heracles' sons against Eurystheus' attack. [Diod.4.57.6]

** Augeas' son Phyleus also cooperated in this expedition, receiving a breastplate as a gift from Euphetes, who was an enemy of Ephyra. [Home.Il.15.531]

** Jason and his sons also participated in this expedition; Mermerus was killed, but Pheres gained Ephyra and Jason gained the island of Corcyra. [Paus.2.3.9]

** Before the Trojan War, Odysseus visited Ilus, son of Mermerus, son of Pheres, who lived in Ephyra, seeking poison for his arrows. [Home.Od.1.261]

** Icarius and his two sons, Alyzeus and Leucadius, also appear to have participated in this expedition. [Strabo.10.2.9]

** Ornytion, son of Sisyphus of Corinth, may have also participated in this expedition. [Estimated from Paus.2.3.11]

** Polyidus, son of Coeranus, son of Abas, son of Melampus, also appears to have participated in this expedition. Polyidus lived in Corinth. [Home.Il.13.663]

** Polyidus married Eurydameia, daughter of Phyleus, who lived in Dulichium in Acarnania. [FGrH.Nr333.F115]

** It seems that what made this marriage possible was Phyleus' participation in the expedition.

** This expedition appears to have been the idea of Jason, who settled on the farthest island of Corcyra.

** It is thought that Jason, who went on an expedition to Thebes with Oedipus, obtained information about the richness near Corcyra Island from the Sphinx (sea people) who were ravaging various places.

1237 BC | Jason migrated from Corinth to the island of Corcyra. [Paus.2.3.9]

** Jason's motivation for emigration appears to have been the death of his wife Medea.

** Jason's migration was accompanied by Mermerus and Pheres, both of whom Medea gave birth to. [Paus.2.3.9]

1237 BC | Taphius, son of Helius, migrated from the Echinades to the island of Taphos. [Estimated from Apo.2.4.5]

1237 BC | Sisyphus, son of Aeolus, inherited Corinth from Jason. [Home.Il.6.144, Paus.2.3.11]

1237 BC | Oebalus, son of Telon, led the Teleboans from Acarnania to Capreae (near Neapolis) on the Italian peninsula. [Dic:Oebalus, Virg.Aene.7.713]

** Oebalus settled near the river Achelous, and his daughter Peirene became the wife of Ornytion, son of Sisyphus. [Estimated from Paus.2.3.11 and river name and age]

1237 BC | The sons of Icarius, Leucadius and Alyzeus, founded Leucas and Alyzia. [Strabo.10.2.9]

** At that time, Leucas was not an island, but a peninsula. [Strabo.1.3.18, PsScylax.34]

1237 BC | While on Ephyra, Heracles instructed Iolaus to colonize Sardinia. [Apo.2.7.6]

** Heracles seems to have heard from Omphale about Maeonias' settlement on Sardinia. [Herod.1.94, Strabo.5.2.2]

** Regarding the settlement of Sardinia, there is a legend that they followed an oracle. [Diod.4.29.3]

1237 BC | Heracles and Deianeira had a son, Hyllus. [Paus.3.18.11]

1237 BC | Tyndareus migrated from Aetolia to Sparta. [Apo.2.7.3, Diod.4.33.5, Tzetzes.2.450]

** On the return of the Heracleidae, they took up the cause that their ancestor Heracles had entrusted Sparta to Tyndareus. [Paus.2.18.7]

** Tyndareus is supposed to have been brought back by Heracles, but it seems that he returned of his own free will to Sparta, where Hippocoon and Icarius were gone.

1237 BC | The sons of Tyndareus (Dioscuri) usurped the two daughters of Leucippus of Andania and made them their wives. [Paus.3.18.11]

**After this, Eurytus of Oechalia near Andania was also driven out, so it appears that Leucippus was killed in battle and his daughters taken prisoner.

1237 BC | Eurytus of Oechalia in Messenia was attacked and exiled by Tyndareus of Sparta. [Paus.3.18.11]

1237 BC | Eurytus migrated to Euboea and founded the third Oechalia. [Strabo.10.1.10]

1236 BC | Polybus of Sicyon died in his 40th year of reign. [Euseb.175]

1236 BC | Adrastus, son of Lysianassa, daughter of Polybus, inherited the kingship of Sicyon from his grandfather. (4 years) [Euseb.175, Paus.2.6.6]

1236 BC | Iolaus departed from Athens with the sons of Thespius' daughters. [Diod.4.29.1, Paus.1.29.5]

1236 BC|Iolaus founded Olbia on the northeastern part of Sardinia. [Paus.10.17.5]

1236 BC|Heracles and Deianeira had a son, Ctesippus. [Apo.2.7.8, Hesiod.98]

1236 BC | Peleus exiled the Minyans who killed Acastus, son of Pelias of Iolcus. [Apo.3.13.7, FGrH.Nr333.F62, Strabo.9.5.15]

** The cause of the destruction of Iolcus was the revolt of the Minyans who opposed Acastus' tyranny of Iolcus. [Strabo.9.5.15]

** In 511 BC, the name Iolcus appears as a possible asylum for Hippias. [Herod.5.94]

** In 290 BC, when Demetrias was founded, Iolcus remained a town, but was absorbed. [Strabo.9.5.15]

** Strabo notes that Iolcus remains destroyed, but it appears to be the central part of the town. [Strabo.9.5.15]

** The 5th century BC lyric poet Pindar tells us that Peleus captured Thetis when he destroyed Iolcus. [Pind.Ne.3.30, FGrH.Nr333.F62]

** Thetis may have been the wife of Acastus' son

1236 BC | The Minyans around Iolcus migrated to the island of Lemnos. [Estimated]

** It is assumed that it was at this time that the Minyans, who were later exiled by the Pelasgians, settled on the island of Lemnos.

1236 BC | Admetus, son of Pheres, who lived in Pherae, exiled to Tamynae in Euboea. [Estimated from FGrH.Nr325.F9]

** There were also Minyans in Pherae of Thessaly who immigrated with Periclymene, the daughter of Minyas, the mother of Admetus.

** Admetus, the husband of Pelias' daughter Alcestis, was also involved in the rebellion and defected to Theseus, son of Hippasus, former husband of Alcestis. [FGrH.Nr325.F9]

** After Hippasus' death, Alcestis remarried Admetus, taking her son Theseus. [FGrH.Nr325.F9]

1236 BC | Laertes, son of Arcesius, married Anticlia, daughter of Autolycus of Parnassus. [Apo.E.3.12, Hyginus.97]

** Anticlia's father Autolycus' mother Philonis (or Chione)'s father was Pandion.

** The father of Laertes, the father of Arcesius, the father of Cephalus, was Pandion.

** So, Laertes and Anticlia were also cousins.

1235 BC | Ormenus, son of Cercaphus, founded Ormenium southeast of Iolcus. [Strabo.9.5.18]

** Ormenus was a Lapith, but it seems that he helped Iolcus expel the Minyans and was able to advance into the Pagasaean gulf.

** Ormenus' mother was Eupolemia, daughter of Myrmidon. Peleus was the son of Ormenus' maternal cousin Aeacus.

1235 BC | Heracles negligently murdered Ennomus (Eurynomus), the son of his relative Architeles, in the house of Oeneus. [Apo.2.7.6, Athen.410f, Diod.4.36.2, Tzetzes.2.450]

** This was three years after the marriage of Heracles and Deianeira. [Diod.4.36.2]

1235 BC | Heracles slew Nessus of Centaur at the River Evenus, east of Calydon, on his way to Trachis. [Apo.2.7.6, Diod.4.36.5, Strabo.10.2.5, Tzetzes.2.450]

** Nessus, a survivor of the Centaurs, was a bandit in the strategic areas leading from Aetolia to Phocis and Thessaly.

< Heracles’ Trachis period (12 years) >

1235 BC | Heracles passed from Calydon through the land of Dryopes and arrived at Ceyx in Trachis. [Apo.2.7.7, Diod.4.36.5, Paus.1.32.6]

** It seems that Eurystheus, through Amphiaraus, son of Oecles of Argos, urged Calydon to expel Heracles.

** In 1247 BC, Eurystheus appears to have assisted Melampus' son Mantius, his son Oecles, and grandson Amphiaraus in their return to Argos.

** Ceyx was the son of Actor, son of Myrmidon, and seems to be the brother of Patroclus’ father Menoetius, a close friend of Heracles. [Home.2.681, Paus.1.32.6]

** The Melians, led by Ceyx, appear to be a tribe of Aenianians chased by the Lapiths from the plains of Dotium near Ossa. [Apo.2.7.7, Strabo.9.5.22]

1234 BC | Achilles was born in Phthia, the son of Peleus and Thetis. [Pind.Py.3.100]

1234 BC | Oedipus married Astymedusa, daughter of Sthenelus of Mycenae. [FGrH.Nr333.F95]

** Creon hated Argives due to his feud with Heracles. [Dic:Creon]

** This marriage appears to have been the cause of Oedipus' expulsion from Thebes.

** While Oedipus was in Tenea of Corinth, he may have been acquainted with Astymedusa of Mycenae.

1234 BC | Toepolemus was born, the son of Heracles and Astyoche, daughter of Phyleus of Ephyra. [Apo.2.7.8, Home.2.653]

1233 BC | Heracles and Deianeira had a son, Hodites. [Diod.4.37.2, Paus.4.30.1, Apo.2.7.8, Hesiod.98]

1233 BC | Plisthenes, son of Atreus, took as his wife Aerope (or Eriphyle), daughter of Catreus, from Crete to Cleonae. [Apo.3.2.2, Euri.Scho.Or.5.1, Dictys.1.1]

** It is assumed that Phliasus, who lived in Phlius, made the long-distance marriage between Crete and Cleonae possible.

** Aerope, daughter of Catreus, and Phliasus, son of Ariadne, were cousins whose common grandfather was Minos.

1232 BC | Adrastus, son of Talaus, ruled Sicyon for four years before returning to Argos. [Euseb.175, Paus.2.6.6]

1232 BC | Iolaus stayed on the island of Sicily on his way back to Greece. [Diod.4.30.3]

** Estimated to be Camici in the south-central part of the island of Sicily, where Daedalus lived. [Strabo.6.2.6]

1232 BC | Telephus emigrated from Arcadia to Mysia with his mother Auge. [Paus.1.4.6, Strabo.12.8.4]

1231 BC | Iolaus returned to Trachis from Sardinia. [Diod.4.30.3]

1231 BC | Heracles and Deianeira had a daughter, Macaria. [Paus.1.32.6, Plut.Pelo.21]

1230 BC | Ornytion founded Lechaeum on the Corinthian gulf and Cenchreae on the Saronic gulf. [Paus.2.2.3]

1230 BC | Phocus, son of Ornytion, migrated from Corinth to Tithorea in Phocis. [Paus.9.17.6, Paus.10.4.10]

1230 BC | Phoenix, son of Amyntor of Ormenium, defected to Peleus of Phthia and was given Dolopia. [Home.9.430, Strabo.9.5.11]

** Peleus was the son of Aeacus, the son of Actor, the brother of Amyntor, the father of Phoenix, and Eupolemeia, the mother of Ormenus, the mother of Ormenus.

** So, Peleus was a second cousin of Phoenix's father, Amyntor.

** Phoenix's exile was due to a conflict with his father, Amyntor. [Home.9.430-]

1230 BC | Heracles killed Phylas, king of Dryops, for disrespecting the temple of Delphi, and exiled the Dryopians. [Diod.4.37.1, Herod.8.43, Paus.4.34.9-10]

** The Dryopians were chased by Heracles and Melians. [Diod.4.37.1, Herod.8.43]

** The Dryopians came to Dryops from regions around the Spercheius River. [Strabo.8.6.13, Strabo.9.5.9]

** Dryops, three generations before Phylas, killed by Heracles, founded Dryops next to the Lycoritae around Parnassus. [Paus.4.34.9]

** Driven out by Heracles, the Dryopians fled to Eurystheus and founded Asine in Argolis. [Diod.4.37.2]

** Later, the Dryopians were driven from Asine by the Argives and migrated to Lacedaemon. [Paus.4.8.3]

** Hermione was home to the Dryopians who were chased by Heracles. [Herod.8.43]

** Before being driven out by Heracles, the Dryopians had founded Styra in Euboea. [Paus.4.34.11]

** Phylas' father is thought to be Cragaleus. [Antoninus.4]

** Cragalidae, who blasphemed Delphi, appear in Aeschines' speech “against Ctesiphon” (107).

1230 BC | The Dryopians were chased by Heracles and migrated to Carystus in southeastern Euboea. [Diod.4.37.2]

1230 BC | A group of immigrants led by Iapyx, son of Daedalus, moved from Crete to the southeastern part of the Italian peninsula. [Herod.7.170, Pliny.3.102, Strabo.6.3.2, Strabo.6.3.6]

** Iapyx is said to have founded Hyria, but is thought to have been founded by Messapus. [Estimated from Messapus' birthplace Hyria]

** According to legend, Iapyx was searching for Glaucus. [Athen.523a]

** Iapyx is thought to have carried out the same colonization activities as Botton. [Strabo.6.3.2, Strabo.7.8.2]

1230 BC | The Cretan emigrant group led by Botton migrated overland from the Adriatic Sea to Macedonia and settled there. [Strabo.6.3.2, Strabo.7.8.2]

** A little north of Pella was Europus, founded by Europus, son of Macedon, son of Aeolus and Oreithyia, daughter of Cecrops. [StephByz.E287.14]

** The Bottiaeans were chased by the Argeadae and migrated to lands adjacent to the land of the Chalcidians. It was also there during the time of Thucydides. [Thucy.2.99]

** The Bottiaeans founded a colony in Bithynia. It was first called Ankore, then Antigoneia, and then Nikaia, after Lysimachos' wife Nikaia. [StephByz.N474.17]

1230 BC | Cleolaus, son of Minos, migrated from Crete to the southeastern part of the Italian peninsula. The tribe was called Daunii, after his son Daunus. [Solinus.2.6]

** Euippe, daughter of Daunus, son of Cleolaus, married Diomedes, son of Tydeus. [Ovid.Meta.14.500, Dic: Daunus]

1230 BC | Telephus of Tegea emigrated to Mysia of Pergamene, with his mother Auge. [Paus.1.4.6, Strabo.12.8.4]

** Since there were people in Pergamus called Arcadians, it seems to be a mass migration of Tegea residents. [Paus.1.4.6]

** Telephus inherited Mysia from his wife's father Teuthras and became a powerful man. [FGrH.Nr327.F19]

1230 BC | Euanthes, son of Oenopion, son of Ariadne, migrated from the island of Chios to Ismarus of Thrace. [Home.Od.9.193, Diod.5.79.2]

1228 BC | Peleus (52) son of Aeacus died in Phthia.

** Peleus does not appear in the battle with Heracles and Lapiths.

** Homer tells us that Peleus sent Achilles to Troy. If that's true, Peleus would be 92 years old. [Home.Il.11.762]

** Achilles was 6 years old when Peleus died.

** Achilles was raised by Phoenix, who lived in Ctimene in the Dolopia region, about 55 km west-southwest of Phthia. [Home.Il.9.484, StephByz.A388.17]

1227 BC | Heracles, at the request of Aegimius, fought against the Lapiths and killed Coronus, son of Caeneus, king of Gyrton. [Apo.2.7.7, Diod.4.37.3]

** At this time, Aegimius promised one-third of his land and royal power. [Diod.4.37.3]

** Aegimius adopted Hyllus after Heracles' death. [Strabo.9.4.10]

** Since Hyllus is the chieftain of one of the three Dorian tribes, he is thought to have been ceded one-third of the land and inhabitants.

1227 BC | Heracles killed Laogoras, king of the Dryopes, who sided with the Lapiths. [Apo.2.7.7, Tzetzes.2.460]

** Dryopes was defeated by Heracles and fled to various places, but it seems that he fled to the land of Lapiths and wiped out those who were resisting.

1227 BC | Heracles defeated Cycnus, son of Pelopia, in single combat at Itonus. [Apo.2.7.7, Diod.4.37.4]

1227 BC | Heracles fought and defeated Ormenius, ruler of Ormenium, and his son Amyntor, near Iolcus. [Apo.2.7.7, Diod.4.37.4]

** Protesilaus of Phylace, who was not a Lapith, either cooperated with Heracles or remained neutral, holding territory west of the bay as far south as Antron. [Strabo.9.5.7]

1227 BC | Heracles returned to Trachis after fighting the Lapiths. [Apo.2.7.7]

1226 BC | Tydeus, son of Oeneus, defected to Adrastus and married Deipyla, Adrastus' daughter. [Apo.1.8.5, Hyginus.97]

** Oeneus' mother Aeolia was the sister of Adrastus's father Talaus's father Bias, and Tydeus and Adrastus were second cousins with a common great-grandfather, Amythaon.

1225 BC | Oedipus is expelled from Thebes and exiles with his daughter Antigone to Theseus in Athens. [Apo.3.5.9]

** Antigone's son Maeon also appears to have accompanied to Athens.

** There is a tradition that around the time of the return of the Heracleidae, there was an Aegeidae descended from Aegeus of Athens in Thebes. [FGrH.Nr70.F16]

** It is assumed that Maeon's wife was Aegeus' granddaughter.

** As a result of negotiations between Eteocles and Polyneices, it was decided that they would take turns ruling Thebes. [Apo.3.6.1]

1225 BC | Polyneices, son of Oedipus, exiled to Adrastus in Argos. [Apo.3.6.1, Paus.9.5.12]

** Adrastus was the son of Lysianassa, the daughter of Polybus, the adoptive father of Oedipus, the father of Polyneices.

** So, Polyneices defected to his step-cousin Adrastus.

1225 BC | Polyneices, son of Oedipus, married Argia, daughter of Adrastus. [Hyginus.72, Paus.9.5.12]

** Adrastus may have known Polyneices from Corinth while living in Sicyon.

1225 BC | Helen was born in Sparta, the daughter of Tyndareus. [Apo.3.10.6, Paus.5.19.3]

** Helen's mother was the young wife Tyndareus took after his return, and is thought to be the daughter of the orphaned Hippocoon.

1225 BC | Meges, the son of Phyleus, emigrated from the island of Cephallenia to the Echinades, where Taphius, the son of Helius, had migrated and the islands became less inhabited.

** Meges called the largest island of Echinades Dulichium, the same as his homeland. [Estimated from Home.Il.2.625, Home.Il.15.518, Apo.2.4.5, Apo.2.4.7]

1224 BC | Heracles summons the Arcadians, Melians, and Locrians for an expedition to Oechalia. [Apo.2.7.7]

** Some say that Heracles' expedition was motivated by Eurytus forcing tribute from the Euboeans. [Athen.461f]

** In reality, Eurytus, a Lapith, seems to have cooperated with the Lapiths of Thessaly to fight against Heracles.

** The Lapiths who fled from Thessaly with Eurytus to Oechalia seem to have been in considerable numbers.

** In Roman times, Oechalia was located within the territory of Eretria, retaining the name of the town destroyed by Heracles. [Strabo.10.1.10]

1224 BC | Heracles attacked Eurytus, who lived in Oechalia of Euboea. [Apo.2.7.7, Diod.4.37.5]

** Eurytus himself and his sons Toxeus, Molion and Clytius were killed in battle, and his daughter Iole was taken prisoner. [Apo.2.7.7, Diod.4.37.5, Hyginus.31]

** Hippasus, son of Ceyx of Trachis, was killed in battle. [Apo.2.7.7]

** The sons of Heracles' mother's half-brother Licymnius, Argius and Melas, were killed in battle. [Apo.2.7.7]

1224 BC | Heracles sailed from Oechalia to Cape Cenaeum in Euboea and performed a sacrificial ceremony. [Apo.2.7.7]

1224 BC | Heracles and Deianeira had a son, Gleneus. [Diod.4.37.2, Paus.4.30.1, Apo.2.7.8, Hesiod.98]

** Gleneus' nurse Abia participated in the return of the Heracleidae, so Gleneus appears to be Heracles’ youngest son. [Paus.3.15.10, Paus.4.30.1]

1223 BC | Heracles founded a town called Heraclea in Trachis. [Athen.462a]

** Heraclea was destroyed and a new settlement was built because the Cylicranes that Heracles called from Lydia turned into a group of bandits.

** Heracles' expeditions were accompanied by the Lydians (Kylikranoi, Cyliks). [Athen.461f]

1223 BC | Heracles gave Hyllus his will to marry Iole when he came of age. [Apo.2.7.7]

1223 BC | Heracles died at Trachis. [Apo.2.7.7]

** Heracles was 52 years old. [Cleme.Exho.2, JeromeChro.1196]

** Heracles was short in stature, but he had a strong mind. [Pind.Is.4.50]

** Small stature, bristle hair, great strength, slim, lithe, dark, aquiline nose, bright shining eyes, and long straight hair. [Cleme.Exho.2]

** The cause of Heracles' death is unknown, but it is presumed that his overwork exacerbated his chronic illness.

1223 BC | Oedipus died in Athens. [Apo.3.5.9, Paus.1.28.7]

** Oedipus was buried at Thebes and later reburied at Athens. [Paus.1.28.7]

1223 BC | The funeral games of Oedipus were held at Thebes, and Mecisteus, son of Talaus, was active. [Home.23.676, Paus.1.28.7]

** Adrastus' daughter Argea attended Oedipus' funeral. [Hesiod.CW.F24]

** Polyneices is believed to have had a dispute with Eteocles and sent his wife Argea to mourn.

** Polybus, the father of Mecisteus' mother Lysianassa, was the adoptive father of Oedipus, and Oedipus was Mecisteus' uncle-in-law.

** Amphiaraus was the one who buried Oedipus. [Hesiod.CW.F99]

** It was after the death of Oedipus that Polyneices returned to Thebes at the invitation of Eteocles. It seems that the condolence call from Polyneices' wife was the trigger.

1222 BC | Machaon, son of Asclepius, took as his wife Anticleia, daughter of Diocles, from Pharae in Messenia. [Paus.4.30.3]

1222 BC | Oeneus' daughter Gorges (or Gorge) married Andraemon of Amphissa from Calydon. [Apo.1.8.1, Hyginus.97, Paus.10.38.5]

1220 BC | The Cephallenians, led by Laertes, son of Arcesius, captured Nericus on the Leucas Peninsula. [Home.Od.24.375, Strabo.1.3.18, Strabo.10.2.8]

1220 BC | Amazons invade Athens.

** The invasion of the Amazons was five years before Adrastus' attack on Thebes. [Parian.Marble.21]

1220 BC | Hyllus was adopted by Aegimius and became the founder of the Hylleis, one of the three tribes of the Dorians. [FGrH.Nr70.F15, Strabo.9.4.10]

** The Heracleidae went to the land of the Dorians after Hyllus died.

1220 BC | Teucer was born the son of Telamon, son of Aeacus, and Eriboea (or Periboea), daughter of Alcathous. [Estimated from Lycoph.450, Parthe.26]

** Teucer's mother is said to be Hesione, daughter of Laomedon of Troy. [Apo.3.12.7, Hyginus.97]

** This legend is thought to have been spread by the descendants of Teucer, who founded Salamis in Cyprus with Troy's captives, in order to force the people to obey him. [Athen.256b]