21CST-252 COMPUTER ORGANSIZATION & ARCHITECTURE

TOPICS COVERED

1.1 Basic concepts: Digital computer with its block diagram, CPU, memory, input-output subsystems, control unit, System bus organization, Machine language program execution - instruction cycles, machine cycles and bus cycles; Overview of memory and I/O addressing. computer hardware components - ALU, registers, memory, system bus structure-data, address and control bus. 

1.2 Instruction Set Architectures: Levels of programming Languages, Assembly Language Instructions: instruction cycle, instruction types, addressing modes, Operations in the instruction set; Arithmetic and Logical, Data Transfer, Control Flow; Instruction set formats. 

1.3 Computer Organization: CPU organization, Memory Subsystem Organization: Types of memory, Internal Chip Organization. 

TOPICS COVERED

2.1 Design of control unit: Hardwired control unit, Micro-Programmed control unit and comparative study. 

2.2 Memory organization: Memory hierarchy, Cache Memory, Associative Memory, cache size vs block size, mapping functions, replacement algorithms, write policy, basic optimization techniques in cache memory, Cache memory with associative memory, Virtual Memory: Paging, Segmentation. 

2.3 Input output organization: Asynchronous Data transfer: Source Initiated, Destination Initiated, Handshaking, Programmed I/O, Interrupts DMA, and IOP. 

TOPICS COVERED

3.1 Introduction to Parallel Processing: Parallelism in uniprocessor system, Flynn's Classification, concept of pipelining, pipeline hazards, Instruction Pipeline, Amdahl's Law, Throughput and Speedup, Comparison of CISC vs RISC architectures. 

3.2 Multiprocessors: Characteristics of multiprocessors, Uniform and non-uniform memory access multi processors, various interconnection networks, Tiled chip multicore processors.